包气带是污染质进入地下水必须经过的介质,对地下水的污染源强起到至关重要的作用。本文应用HYDRUS-1D模型模拟了污染物进入地下水前在包气带中的迁移转化过程,构建了基于过程的地下水污染评价方法。并以某尾矿库为例,进行了污染质在土壤-地下水系统运移模拟与污染评价的耦合研究。结果表明,使用基于过程的地下水污染评价方法与传统单一对地下水进行模拟预测评价的方法相比,能够较准确地反映地下水污染源强的时空变化过程。该理论完善了地下水污染预测评价的方法,为预防地下水污染提供了理论基础及实践指导。

Vadose zone is the important media that contaminant enters into the groundwater, and it plays a crucial role in the strength of pollution sources. HYDRUS-1D model is used to simulate the transportation processes of contaminant in the vadose zone before entering into the groundwater, a process-based evaluation system for groundwater pollution is built. By taking a tail pond as an example, a coupling study on the transportation simulation and pollution evaluation of the contaminant in the soil-groundwater system is conducted. The result shows that the impact assessment based on the process is able to reflect the temporal and spatial variation of the groundwater pollution sources more accurately than traditional groundwater quality impact assessment does. The theory perfects the theory of prediction and evaluation of groundwater pollution, provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the prevention of groundwater pollution.