分析中国玉米高产田(≧15000kg/hm²)的典型特征、内在规律,提出产量突破的途径与关键技术,并进行高产验证。结果表明,35°N～44°N可作为中国玉米高产带。收获穗数是产量构成因素中影响和决定产量的首要因素,按80%置信限计算,在目前生产水平下,产量实现15000kg/hm²的理想结构模式为:种植密度70755～101250株/hm²,穗数7.01×10⁴～10.09×10⁴穗/hm²,穗粒数453～642粒,千粒重323.0～414.9g,单穗粒重162.5～236.2g;高产田单株生产力以穗粒重200g左右的中穗型为主。选择耐密植、中晚熟品种,增密种植,保障水肥供应,精细管理,适时晚收,创建一个高质量群体,增加花后物质生产量和转移率,充分挖掘当地光热资源是当前中国玉米高产突破的主要途径。

Based on the analysis of typical characteristics and inherent law of high-yielding corn (≥15000kg/hm²)fields in China, the way of breaking through of the yield reaching 15000kg/hm² and the key technologies are put forward. The results show that harvest ears is the most important factor in yield components factors. Under the conditions of the present production, the optimal yield components mode are planting density per hectare (70755-101250 plants), ear number per hectare (7.01×10⁴-10.09×10⁴ ears), grain number per ear (453-642 grains), 1000-grain weight (323.0-414.9g), kernel weight per ear (162.5-236.2g), and 35°N-44°N can be regarded as corn high-yielding belt of China. Furthermore, the main technical ways for breakthrough of the corn yield are given, including selection of mid-late maturity hybrids with high population tolerant, higher population, wider use of chemical fertilizers to meet nutrient demands, intensive management, delay harvest, creating high-quality population, prolonging accumulating time of dry matter after flowering and increasing transfer rate of organ to grain, and taking full advantage of light-temperature resources.