核能作为中国的战略产业，通过坚持创新驱动战略，正在不断转型升级。聚焦于发电方向，中国推出自主三代压水堆技术，在快堆、高温气冷堆等具备第四代特征的核电技术方向实现突破，作为核心成员参加国际ITER 计划并顺利推进采购包计划，为“热堆—快堆—聚变堆”三步走奠定了坚实的基础。本文在总结阶段性核能产业科技发展基础上，提出了“十三五”乃至更长时期，落实“三步走”战略的发展趋势和技术方向，特别是对如何实现“热堆—快堆”第二步跨越、实现“快堆和聚变”第三步跨越进行了思考，并展望了未来核能科技发展的前景。
As a strategic industry of China, the nuclear power industry follows an innovation-driven strategy and keeps on reforming and upgrading. By focusing on the power generation technology, China has developed a Generation-III pressurized water reactor technology independently and achieved breakthroughs in the fast reactor and the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor with the features of Generation- IV reactor technology. As a key member in the international ITER program, China has successfully promoted the Planning Package program and achieved the delivery plan, laying a solid foundation for the “thermal reactor-fast reactor and nuclear fusion” three-step strategy. On the basis of summarizing the development stages of nuclear power science and technology, this paper points out the development tendency and the technical direction for implementing the three-step strategy in the 13th Five Year Plan periods and, especially, how to realize the second step of “thermal reactor to fast reactor” and the third step of “fast reactor and nuclear fusion”. Finally, this paper gives a prospective for the future development of the nuclear power science and technology.
[1] 李克强. 致第二十届太平洋地区核能大会的贺信[EB/OL]. 2012-06 [2016-06]. http://www.gov.cn/guowuyuan/2016-04/06/content_5061622.htm. Li Keqiang. A letter of congratulations to the 20th Pacific Nuclear Conference[EB/OL]. 2012-06 [2016-06]. http://www.gov.cn/guowuyuan/2016-04/06/content_5061622.htm.
[2] 环境保护部国家核安全局, 国家能源局, 中国地震局. 关于全国民用核设施综合安全检查情况的报告[EB/OL]. 2012-06[2016-06-10]. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201206/t20120615_231738.htm. People's Republic of China Ministry of Environmental Protection, National Energy Administration, China Seismological Bureau. Report on national civilian nuclear facilities comprehensive safety inspection[EB/OL]. 2012-06 [2016-06]. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201206/t20120615_ 231738.htm.
[3] 国家核安全局. 福岛核事故后核电厂改进行动通用技术要求[EB/OL]. 2012-06-12 [2016-06-10]. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/haq/201206/t20120615_231698.htm. People's Republic of China Ministry of Environmental Protection. General technical requirements of improve operations after the Fukushima nuclear power plant[EB/OL]. 2012-06-12 [2016-06-10]. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/haq/201206/t20120615_231698.htm.
[4] 环境保护部国家核安全局. 核安全与放射性污染防治“十二五”规划及2020年远景目标[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013. China Ministry of Environmental Protection. Nuclear safety and radioactive pollution prevention: "Twelve Five Year Plan" and 2020 vision[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2013.
[5] 张锐平, 张雪, 张禄庆. 世界核电主要堆型技术沿革[J]. 中国核电, 2009, 2(3): 276-281. Zhang Ruiping, Zhang Xue, Zhang Luqing. Technical evolution of leading nuclear power reactor types in the world[J]. China Nuclear Power, 2009, 2(3): 276-281.
[6] 中国工程科技发展战略研究院. 中国战略性新兴产业发展研究报告2014[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014. Chinese Academy of Engineering Science and Technology Development. China strategic emerging industry development report 2014[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2014.
[7] 中国科学技术协会. 2014—2015核科学技术学科发展报告[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2016. Chinese Association for Science and Technology. Report on advances in nuclear science and technology (2014-2015)[M]. Beijing: China Science & Technology Press, 2016.
[8] IRSN Report. Review of generation IV nuclear energy systems[R]. Paris: IRSN, 2015.
[9] 中国国际核聚变能源计划执行中心, 核工业西南物理研究院. 国际核聚变能源研究现状与前景[M]. 北京: 中国原子能出版社, 2015. China International Nuclear Fusion Energy Program Execution Center, Southwestern Institute of Physics. Current situation and prospect of international nuclear fusion energy research[M]. Beijing: China Atomic Press, 2015.
[10] 国家能源局. 核电中长期发展规划(2011—2020年)[R]. 北京: 国务院, 2013. People's Republic of China National Energy Administration. Medium and long term development plan of China nuclear power (2011-2020). Beijing: State Council, 2013.
[11] 中国工程科技发展战略研究院. 中国战略性新兴产业发展研究报告2015[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2015. Chinese Academy of Engineering Science and Technology Development. China strategic emerging industry development report 2015[M], Beijing: Science Press, 2015.
