美国高性能计算计划在30余年时间中，先后经历了高性能计算与通信计划、网络和信息技术研发计划、战略计算计划的演进历程。分析了其演进逻辑、相互关系及管理机制，总结了计划实施的特点，即政府跨部门协同的“全政府”特点和政产学研广泛合作的“举国”特点。针对中国算力建设中存在的问题，美国经验能够提供可借鉴的诸多启示，包括制定算力研发战略规划，全面加强算力技术研发；加强中央统一领导和组织管理，实现跨部门、跨地区协同；确保计算软硬件不同部分均衡发展，对滞后者采取长期系统的强化措施；建立广泛的合作伙伴关系，促进计算生态体系不断完善。
For more than 30 years, the U.S. High Performance Computing Plan has successively experienced the evolution of the High Performance Computing and Communications Program, the Network and Information Technology R&D Program, and the National Strategic Computing Initiative. The article analyzes its evolution logic, interrelationship, and management mechanism, and summarizes the characteristics of the plan: The cross-department collaboration and extensive government-industryuniversity-research cooperation. In view of the problems existing in the construction of China's computing power, the U. S. experience can provide several enlightments: Formulating a strategic plan to strengthen the R&D of computing power technology; enhancing the unified leadership, organization and management of the central government; ensuring the balanced development of different parts of computing power; and establishing extensive partnerships to promote the computing ecosystem.
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