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Discovery of Telomeres and Telomerase: Brief Introduction of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |
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Abstract: The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded to Dr. Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak for their discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase. Telomere is a specific structure of chromosomal termini composed of a series of DNA repeats, to protect the stability and integrity of chromosome. Depending on an intrinsic RNA template, telomerase synthesizes telomere DNA, and maintains the length of telomere. The discovery of telomere and telomerase has solved a long-standing fundamental problem in biology: how can the end of chromosomes be maintained and spared from erosion during repeated cellular divisions. The discovery has a deep influence on biological and biochemical research, and has provided insights into our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of aging, aging related diseases and cancers.
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Received: 03 December 2009
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