Air pollution in China is characterized by high concentrations of PM_2.5 and ozone.With the implementation of the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control issued by the State Council in 2013,concentrations of PM_2.5 have been decreasing but those of ozone show increasing trends.Concentrations of PM_2.5 and ozone are still far higher than the air quality standards recommended by the World Health Organization.For the formation of air pollutants,while emissions are the fundamental causes,meteorological conditions are the external drivers that affect transport,chemical reactions,dry and wet deposition of air pollutants.A systematic understanding of the impacts of weather and climate on air pollutants is essential for prevention of severe pollution events and for long-term air quality planning.This paper summarizes China's recent research progress on the roles of weather and climate in the formation of PM_2.5 and ozone.Currently,substantial progress has been made with respect to the impacts of weather and climate on PM_2.5,especially the connections between climate factors,regional circulation patterns,and the local stagnant conditions for high PM_2.5 levels.However,less attention has been paid to the impacts of weather and climate on ozone.The research priorities in this field are highlighted in the conclusion section.

This paper reviews the research based on airborne pollen monitoring data and finds out the followings.1) a pollen profile can be obtained by using the data and then a pollen calendar with clinical value can be drawn,in which the concentration threshold should be modified based on the characteristics of allergic populations.Besides,it's confirmed that clean air is essential for preventing hay fever through analyzing the exposure risks in different environments.2) the local observation environment and the placement position of the sampler have a great influence on the monitoring results,but overall,the pollen season has been prolonged and the pollen concentration has increased in most regions of the north hemisphere,which can be attributed to climate warming.3) in order to predict the future changes of airborne pollen,four types of models are widely used and the prediction results are generally accurate.For the parts with poor prediction effect (extreme pollen concentration,complex terrain,etc.),the optimal solution is to combine high-resolution pollen monitoring data for correction.4) however,due to the lack of low-cost automatic monitoring equipment,the current resolution of pollen monitoring data is still low,which brings a series of data and technical barriers.Therefore,this paper believes that the development of low-cost automatic monitoring equipment should be the focus of recent development in this field,and that a standardized observation system should be established accordingly.

In order to reveal the deposition law of pyrrhotite dust in human respiratory tract at construction site,and propose effective occupational disease protection measures,we took the pyrrhotite sample in the sampling roadway of a metal mine in Anhui as research object and establish a three-dimensional model of human respiratory tract.Then,under different concentrations of pyrrhotite dust and different work areas,we simulated the particle deposition in human respiratory tract during the transportation and shoveling processes.The results showed that the pyrrhotite under different respiration intensities,processes,and particle sizes is mainly deposited in the throat and trachea of the human body.When the particle size is greater than 5.456 μm,that is,the operator is close to the tuyere in the tunnel,all the mineral dust will be deposited in the respiratory tract of the human body.The total particle deposition rate of the respiratory tract will first decrease with the increase of particle concentration and then fluctuate steadily.And the total particle deposition rate will increase with the increase of particle size and respiratory intensity.The farther the distance from tuyere in the tunnel,the smaller the total particle deposition rate.Based on the deposition law of pyrrhotite dust on the respiratory tract of the human body and actual working conditions,corresponding protective measures are proposed.

In order to better understand the development and evolution of China's adaptation to climate change and to provide effective support for the dual carbon sustainable goal,the process of building China's climate change adaptation system is systematically reviewed in this paper.Meanwhile,the development of climate change adaptation policies at national,sectional and local levels are also studied.The current status of adaptation policy development in the key vulnerable areas of agriculture and rural areas are discussed.An in-depth analysis of climate change adaptation actions in different areas is given,in which specific adaptation actions undertaken and their effectiveness are analyzed from different perspectives including agriculture,water resources,terrestrial ecosystems,coastal zones and human health.On this basis,the development characteristics of Chinese climate change adaptation policies and actions are presented and the future development suggestions of adaptation policy actions are put forward.