This article argues that the key to achieving self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology is to correctly handle the relationship between government and market, give full play to the role of national strategic scientific and technological forces, tamp the foundation of innovation, insist on acting within the scope of the profession, and build a system for tackling key problems with core key technologies. It also argues to use market power to stimulate the vitality and driving force of enterprise innovation and promote deep integration of science and technology and economic and social development, in which the role of standards guidance and quality management are essential.. In addition, China should strengthen top-level design, improve evaluation mechanism, spread the innovative culture, and build a new mechanism of opening up and cooperation, so as to form a good innovation ecology and provide institutional guarantee for the construction of an innovative country.

This article compares China with the forefront innovative countries, and studies the prospects and challenges of China's entry into the forefront in the new era. The main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, China's total R&D investment, the number of patents and papers are already in the forefront. Secondly, there is a big gap between China and innovative countries in terms of indicators such as the proportion of enterprises'basic R&D investment, the ratio of invention patents, the density of R&D personnel, and the citation rate of papers, and it is difficult for the former to catch up the latter. Thirdly, the level of intellectual property protection and industry-university-research cooperation need to be improved. Therefore, the key to China's 2030-2035 ranking among the top innovative countries lies in optimizing the structure of innovation input and improving the quality of innovation results.

In order to monitor and evaluate the process of building an innovative country, the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy released the "National Innovation Index Report", which constructs the indicators from five dimensions:innovation resources, knowledge creation, enterprise innovation, innovation performance and innovation environment, and then carried out an innovation capability evaluation for 40 countries. The results show that China's national comprehensive innovation capabilities have continued to improve, and China has become one of the world's leading countries, but there is still a big gap in terms of input intensity, output quality and efficiency. It is suggested that China's innovation and development should meet the requirements of high-quality development and accelerate the improvement of the quality of innovation results and innovation efficiency, so as to serve the construction of the country's dual-cycle development pattern and support the construction of an innovative country at a higher level.

Science and technology legislation is the core institutional support for the building of an innovative-oriented country and law-based governance. Historical analysis and empirical analysis show that the science and technology legislation in China follows a centralized legislation model with historical characteristics of responsiveness, process guidance, and bottom-line control. While the current science and technology legislation has made remarkable achievements in systemization, there exist problems such as imbalance between local supply and demand and conceptual simplification. The legislator should return to the functional positioning of science and technology legislation and the basic principles of law, economics, and policy, and take the construction of an innovative country as policy guide for science and technology legislation in the new era. China's science and technology legislation and policies should coexist effectively, taking into account the improvement of both form and efficiency, and realize the comprehensive goals of consolidating the tradition of rule of law for issues of science and technology, cultivating the culture of rule of law for science and technology, and enriching the thoughts of rule of law for issues of science and technology.

The monitoring and evaluation of innovation ability of national innovative cities indicate that the construction of innovative cities has achieved remarkable results, with the innovation ability presenting an overall situation of "strong in the south and weak in the north", that scientific and technological innovation has become the core driving force for high-quality development of cities, and that the innovative development pattern of cities with different characteristics has initially formed. The paper suggests that innovation governance and innovation driving force should be regarded as the unified and common requirements of the construction of national innovative cities. Meanwhile, in terms of original innovation force, technological innovation force and achievement transformation force, every city should highlight its key points according to its own resource endowment, reflect the main innovation function at a different innovation level, and further explore the differentiated innovation development path.

Under the new development pattern, global scientific and technological innovation presents new trends and new features. At the same time, Beijing is also facing new opportunities and challenges in building the international scientific and technological innovation center. Firstly, this paper reviews and summarizes the main achievements of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center during the 13th Five-Year Plan period from three dimensions:innovation performance, innovation environment and innovation resources. Secondly, it analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by Beijing under the new trend of global scientific and technological innovation. Finally, under the guidance of new mission, it puts forward the strategy of Beijing's further construction of the international science and technology innovation center.

Science and technology legislation is the core institutional support for the building of an innovative-oriented country and law-based governance. Historical analysis and empirical analysis show that the science and technology legislation in China follows a centralized legislation model with historical characteristics of responsiveness, process guidance, and bottom-line control. While the current science and technology legislation has made remarkable achievements in systemization, there exist problems such as imbalance between local supply and demand and conceptual simplification. The legislator should return to the functional positioning of science and technology legislation and the basic principles of law, economics, and policy, and take the construction of an innovative country as policy guide for science and technology legislation in the new era. China's science and technology legislation and policies should coexist effectively, taking into account the improvement of both form and efficiency, and realize the comprehensive goals of consolidating the tradition of rule of law for issues of science and technology, cultivating the culture of rule of law for science and technology, and enriching the thoughts of rule of law for issues of science and technology.

Based on the research on the connotation and classification evaluation index system of innovative scientific and technological talents, this paper uses a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and the TOPSIS method to propose a classification and evaluation method for innovative scientific and technological talents. Then an empirical analysis is conducted using this method. The research result shows that the evaluation accuracy of this method reaches 80.95%, which verifies its feasibility and effectiveness. This method will provide new ideas for classification and evaluation of innovative scientific and technological talents.

Based on the interpretation of the meaning, basic content and significance of the digital transformation of government scientific research management, the paper analyzes five main problems of digital transformation of scientific research management in China. The problems include:the "data-driven" scientific research management culture has not yet formed; data islands and data segregation have become bottlenecks; there lacks a unified and efficient technical support system; participation of market and social forces is insufficient; and digital security and privacy leaks. On this basis, it puts forward the following suggestions:first, to cultivate a management culture and improve the data literacy and skills of scientific research managers; second, to strengthen overall planning and promote the change of management organization structure in an orderly manner; third, to build infrastructure to give full play to the role of information technology and digital platforms; fourth, to clarify management responsibilities and build consensus on scientific data sharing and security.

From the connotation of innovative culture, based on a theoretical analysis of cultural connotation of innovative activities, and combined with specific economic and social context of the new era, this article states the importance and necessity of building an innovative culture towards 2035. After reviewing the history of China's innovative culture construction and its important achievements, it analyzes the new requirements for the construction of innovative culture in the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and the next 15 years. Based on the relevant questionnaire survey data of science and technology professionals in recent years, it holds that there are still some outstanding problems in the construction of innovative culture in China, such as fickle style of study, circle culture prevailing, frequent incidents of academic misconduct and ethics anomie, and insufficient guidance of innovative culture. Finally, the article puts forward several suggestions for strengthening the construction of innovative culture.

In the more than 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, our Party has been exploring both ideologically and practically the path of building an innovative country and has embarked on a path of building an innovative country with clear logic and distinctive practical features. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Sinicization of Marxism with scientific and innovative spirit. Adhering to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics is the distinctive background, goal and unremitting pursuit of China's goal of building an innovative country. Through continuous practical development and theoretical exploration, we are firmly explaining the unity of theory and practice, goal and process on the road of building an innovation-oriented country.