The high incidence of the head injuries related to the Winter Olympic Games is the focus in the event medical service. The head injuries are more common in the alpine skiing, the snowboard and freestyle skiing and the ice hockey. Correctly wearing a helmet with related protective devices can effectively reduce the incidence of the skull fractures and the severity of the head injuries. The medical foundation in the domestic large-scale winter resorts and event venues is relatively underdeveloped. We should study related injuries in the previous events and learn from the advanced foreign experiences, focusing on the characteristics of the winter sports injuries, and with the coordination of various high-level medical units to improve the efficiency of the diagnosis, the treatment and the transportation.

The study reviewed the application of 3D gait analysis technology in classical cross-country skiing in recent years. Through the analysis of constantly changing parameters in the process of skiing, the individualized training program suitable for skiers can be worked out, which can effectively improve the performance in the competition.

For the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, the development of the emergency medicine is of great significance in order to ensure the safety and the health of ice and snow athletes. This paper analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of ice and snow sports-related injuries in different populations, as well as the treatment experience. Athletes or sports enthusiasts diagnosed as the winter sports injury in our emergency department are taken as the samples, and their general characteristics and the injury parameters are statistically analyzed. The results show that the ice and snow sports-related injuries in the athlete group and the amateur group have different characteristics with respect to the age, the severity, the injury site, the disease spectrum and so on, and it is necessary to raise people's scientific cognition and protection awareness of ice and snow sports. In order to provide the efficient treatment, we suggest to set up a multidisciplinary emergency center, to inspect the patients and hospitalize them through the green channel.

To review the biomechanical characteristics of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), the kinematics, kinetics changes and the functional performances of the knee joint after ACLR are discussed. The changes of the biomechanical characteristics of the patients after ACLR are mainly observed in the sagittal plane, and the alterations of the frontal plane and the transverse plane are observed only accompanying other severe injuries after ACLR. In addition, for the patients after ACLR, one will also observe alterations in the proprioception and neuromuscular control, suggesting that in addition to the routine rehabilitation, the patients after ACLR should also pay extra attention to their proprioception and neuromuscular control training.

Based on the questionnaire survey and the follow-up, 45 injuries of 34 athletes from the Yan'an Sports School's cross-country skiing team are analyzed, and the overall and gender-based injury incidence, as well as the injury locations and the anatomical regions, the correlation of the incidence of the strained injury vs. the acute injury, the relation of the recurrent injury vs. the new injury, are statistically analyzed. It is found that the incidence in the female athletes is higher than that in the male athletes. The strained injuries dominate. The lower limb injuries are more frequent than the upper limb injuries. All injuries are unimpaired injuries or minor injuries, and the recurrent injuries are more frequent than the new ones.

Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) can be commonly seen in ice and snow sports-caused injuries, which would take a long period to recovery in the post-operation, and always cause difficulty in the rehabilitation. In order to investigate the efficacy and the outcome of the enhanced recovery after the surgery (ERAS) concept-guided rehabilitation for acute ATR patients, a prospective follow-up study is designed, and the patients with ice and snow sports-caused ATR are included. The 0.5 and 1 year' s follow-up shows that ATR patients with ERAS enjoy a fast recovery speed, with a superior function of the Achilles tendon and the ankle, with a reduced pain. A satisfactory functional recovery is found a half year after the operation, with the return to the pre injury functional level one year after the operation.

According to the characteristics of athletes' winter motor system injuries, the effects of the personalized rehabilitation treatment programs for major winter motor system injuries are studied. Using a prospective analysis method, a comparative analysis of the pain status, the psychological mood and the overall efficacy for the personalized group (n=40) and the conventional group (n=40) is made after the treatment. It is shown that the visual analogue score, the serum pain factor, the anxiety self-rating scale and the depression self-rating scale score are significantly improved for the personalized group, as compared with those for the conventional group (P<0.05). The overall effective rate of the treatment in the personalized group is higher (P<0.05), which shows that a personalized rehabilitation program can promote the rehabilitation of the winter motor system injuries, reduce the psychological stress and pain, and is a scientific and effective treatment program.

Guided by the concept of the rapid rehabilitation for the patients of the lower limb sports injury, this paper explores the nursing mode for the lower limb injury athletes under the background of Winter Olympics. From June 2019 to December 2020, 90 patients with lower limb sports injury were treated in our hospital. 45 patients with the routine rehabilitation treatment are put in group A, and the other 45 patients with the rapid rehabilitation treatment are put in group B. The occurrences of the muscle atrophy, the joint stiffness and the improvement of the joint activity are compared between the two groups, as well as the length of the hospital stay, the bed time, satisfaction and negative emotion scores. It is shown that, compared with group A, in group B, the incidences of the muscle atrophy and the joint stiffness are lower (P<0.05), the improvement rate and the satisfaction score of the joint range of motion are higher (P<0.05), and the length of the hospital stay and the bed stay are shorter (P<0.05). The application of the concept of the rapid rehabilitation for the patients of the lower limb sports injury can effectively avoid the incidence of the muscle atrophy and the joint stiffness, improve the joint mobility, shorten the hospitalization and bed time, reduce the negative emotion, and with the high recognition score of patients. It can be further used for the treatment of other sports injury of athletes in the Winter Olympic Games.

To explore the functional recovery process and the return to the competition of the winter athletes and to provide reference for the rehabilitation and the prevention of related injuries in China, a retrospective review is made of all winter sports athletes operated at Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital between January 2007 and January 2021. The functional recovery and the return to the field of winter athletes are explored by analyzing the basic patient information and the follow-up results, including a total of 36 follow-up results of winter program athletes, 13 males and 23 females. 91.67% (33) of the patients return to the normal life within 1 year and 86.11% (31) return to exercise within 1 year after the surgery. Oneyear postoperative Tegner score 8 (5~8), IKDC score 72.77±7.91(46~82) and Lysholm score 83.29±12.84 (50~100) compared to preoperative improvement. The rate of return to competition is 66.67% (24/36). Four people suffer from another injury after the surgery. The postoperative functional recovery is generally good and the rate of return to sport in winter athletes is high. It is necessary to carry out the scientific and standardized postoperative rehabilitation training, so as to promote the recovery of the athletes' postoperative functions and the performance after their return to the competition field.

This paper explores the safety and the efficacy of the external plaster in the treatment of the winter ice and snow sports injury. The patients with the ice and snow sports injury (tendon disease) treated in Huguosi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from November 2020 to February 2021 are taken as the subjects. It is shown that the common tendon diseases caused in the ice and snow sports include the ligament sprain, the muscle strain, the tendon disease and the bursitis. The subjects are divided into the control group and the observation group. The control group is treated with oral drugs, and the observation group is treated with WANYING ointment. 8 cases in the control group have gastrointestinal adverse reactions, and 2 cases in the observation group have skin allergy for the plaster. The total effective rates of the observation group and the control group are 100% and 78.9%, respectively. Except for the tendon disease, the curative effect of the external application of the traditional Chinese medicine and the oral medicine on the tendon disease is the same, but the curative effect of the external application of the traditional Chinese medicine on the tendon disease is significantly better than that of the oral NASIDs. It is shown that the external plaster has the ideal clinical efficacy and higher safety in the treatment of the ice and snow sports injury in the general population, especially for the population with the tendon disease and without the history of allergy.

The pathogenesis of the carpal tunnel syndrome is related to the excessive flexion and extension of the wrist joint and the strain, such as due to the improper posture of grasping the snowstick when skiing. This paper evaluates the effect and the safety of ultrasound-assisted endoscopic carpal tunnel release. 51 patients with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to December 2020 are selected to be treated with the endoscopic transverse carpal ligament release assisted by ultrasound. In addition, the Boston Carpal Tunnel Scale Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), the Boston Carpal Tunnel Scale Functional Status Scale (FSS), the median nerve flattening rate at the level of the hamate bone (FR) are recorded before the surgery, and 1 month and 3 months after the surgery. According to the follow-up among the 51 patients, the SSS score and the FSS score of patients 1 month and 3 months after the surgery are significantly lower than those before the surgery, with statistical significance (P<0.05) and the FR is decreased gradually 1 month and 3 months after the surgery, with statistical significance (P<0.05). According to the current status and the suggestions in the functional evaluation standard for the carpal tunnel syndrome and the cubital tunnel syndrome, the good rate is 98.0%, because of no vascular nerve injury, infection and other complications. Endoscopic transverse carpal ligament release assisted by ultrasound can visualize the transverse carpal ligament and its surrounding anatomical structure through a small incision to evaluate the release effect of the transverse carpal ligament and to reduce the complications of the vascular and nerve injury. Besides, the postoperative patients have recovered well and are satisfied with the treatment effect, so the treatment is worthy of clinical promotion.

The injury is common in middle-aged groups of sports lovers. In order to compare the long-term efficacy and the prognosis of arthroscopic microfracture and conservative drug treatment on the knee cartilage injury, a retrospective cohort study is designed, to compare the difference of the two cohorts through 2-year and 5-year follow-ups. It is shown that the mediumterm effect of microfracture is better than the classical conservative drug treatment scheme, with the advantages of improving the joint function and the knee range of motion. The long-term results show that the microfracture can decrease the cartilage injury and the knee varus, as well as delay the time of the joint replacement. Microfracture has the clinical value, which can be recommended to treat the exercise-related knee cartilage injury.

The treatment of knee arthritis (KOA) for retired athletes has its special problems. This paper compares the efficacy and the prognosis of the knee arthroscopy and the conservative treatment of moderate and severe KOA for retired athletes. A prospective cohort study is designed, and a series of parameters from the two groups at 2 year's follow-up are compared. The results show that for the arthroscopic group, significant lower knee flexion contracture angle and reoperation rate are observed than for the conservative group, while the joint range of motion, and the Lysholm score are significantly higher than those for the conservative group, and there is no difference in the pain improvement between the two groups. For retired athletes with moderate to severe KOA, the arthroscopic surgery has better medium-term efficacy and outcome than the conservative treatment.

The benefits of winter sports on the cardiovascular system are still to be confirmed by researches. Through the statistical analysis of 37 nonprofessional athletes who have been engaged in winter swimming (CWS) for many years, along with the healthy controls, the general situation is recorded, as well as the laboratory examination of the body composition and the blood lipid. It is found that there are significant differences in homocysteine and ApoB/Apoa-1 ratio between the two groups, which show a downward trend in the CWS group; BMI index and BF% (body fat rate) in CWS group are significantly higher than those in the control group, showing a trend of overweight. The CWS group is divided into subgroups according to gender. It is found that the HDL level of female subjects is higher than that of men, and the ApoB/Apoa-1 ratio and the homocysteine level are lower than those of male subjects. Although the BMI index of female subjects is normal, the BF% is significantly higher than that of male subjects; In contrast, VATL (visceral adipose tissue level) and mm (muscle mass) are significantly lower than those in male subjects. Long term cold adaptation leads to the increase of the antioxidant capacity, better resistance to atherosclerosis, with reduced cardiovascular risk.

In the ice-snow sports, the dental traumatology can be caused easily. This paper compares the differences in the clinical classification, the incidence and the severity of the dental traumatology in patients with or without sports mouthguard in the ice-snow sports. The results show that the most common teeth of the dental traumatology caused in the ice-snow sports are the upper central incisors. Without sports mouthguard, the avulsions (total luxation) are the most common (26.58%), followed by the subluxation (24.05%), the complicated crown-root fracture (13.92%) and the complicated crown fracture (10.13%). However, the simple crown fracture (36.84%), the concussion (21.05%) and the subluxation (15.79%) are common in the patients with sports mouthguard, and no avulsions are observed. This study suggests that with sports mouthguard the incidence and the severity of the dental traumatology can be reduced significantly, and the tooth loss can be avoided.

With the economic development and the technological progress, the science and technology plays an increasingly significant role in sports events, such as the Olympic Games. On one hand, the science and technology contributes to the preparation and the holding of Olympic events to achieve excellence. On the other hand, the scientific and technological innovation and the development of related industries are promoted with the help of the Olympic platform. This paper analyzes the layout of science and technology industries related to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, along with the current achievements and the testing of science and technology projects, and puts forward some policy suggestions from the three levels of the policy, the industry and the enterprise.