基于物质流分析的中国钴资源供需形势

邢欣然; 汤林彬; 汪鹏; 王鹤鸣; 岳强; 陈伟强; 杜涛

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.21.012

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科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (21) : 120-128. DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.21.012

专题：初级矿产品供应安全战略

基于物质流分析的中国钴资源供需形势

作者信息 -

1. 东北大学国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室, 沈阳 110819;
2. 中国科学院赣江创新研究院, 赣州 341000;
3. 中国科学院城市环境研究所, 中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室, 厦门 361021;
4. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

作者简介:

邢欣然，硕士研究生，研究方向为工业生态学，电子信箱： 2101590@stu.neu.edu.cn

Supply and demand situation of cobalt resources in China based on material flow analysis

Author information -

1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
2. Ganjiang Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China;
3. Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

为厘清中国钴资源的供需形势，利用物质流分析2000—2020年中国钴资源流量、存量和供需格局变化。研究发现：（1）中国钴矿进口量逐年提升，对外依存度高，每年均在70%以上，精炼钴产量及净出口量逐年增长，2020年分别达到了8.5万t和1.4万t。（2）钴产品制造量不断提高，从2000年的0.01万t上升至2020年的6.3万t，电池是钴主要的制造产品；在贸易阶段，钴产品整体呈现净出口，2020年净出口量为1.7万t。（3）钴产品在用存量持续上升，2020年达到了12.5万t。钴产品整体回收率低，进一步加大回收是应对钴需求扩张的主要方法。同时，建议提高技术水平，减少加工过程的浪费，降低对于钴资源的依赖，还需要做好资源储备，应对国际局势变化。

Abstract

In order to clarify the supply and demand situation of cobalt resources in China, material flow was used to analyze the changes in the flow, stock and supply and demand pattern of cobalt resources in China during 2000—2020. This article shows that 1) the import volume of cobalt ore to China was increasing year by year and the degree of external dependence was high, i.e., more than 70% yearly, and refined cobalt production and net exports increased year by year, reaching 85000 t and 14000 t, respectively in 2020; 2) the production of cobalt products was increasing from 100 t in 2000 to 63000 t in 2020, and batteries were the main cobalt products; in the trade phase, cobalt products showed a net export of 17000 t in 2020; 3) the stock of cobalt products in use continued to rise, reaching 125000 t in 2020. On the other hand, the overall recovery rate of cobalt products has been low, and improvement in recycling is the primary way to cope with the expansion of cobalt demand. At the same time, the article suggests improving the technical level, reducing the waste during processing process, reducing the dependence of cobalt resources, and doing an excellent job in resource reserve to adapt to the change of the international situation.

导出引用

邢欣然, 汤林彬, 汪鹏, 王鹤鸣, 岳强, 陈伟强, 杜涛. 基于物质流分析的中国钴资源供需形势[J]. 科技导报, 2022, 40(21): 120-128 https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.21.012

XING Xinran, TANG Linbin, WANG Peng, WANG Heming, YUE Qiang, CHEN Weiqiang, DU Tao. Supply and demand situation of cobalt resources in China based on material flow analysis[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2022, 40(21): 120-128 https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.21.012

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