Abstract:Water and soil loss is serious problems in the Yangtze River Valley. It not only brings about many harms to soil, land and water resources, but also seriously hinders the development of agriculture,forestry, and ecological environment. Flood and drought occult frequently and extensively. Analysis on the water and soil loss, the relation between the water and soil conservation with the lakes and wetland, the relation between the Three Gorges Project with the water and soil conservation.