页岩气开发对川渝地区水资源环境的影响

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.23.005

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (11)

全文: PDF (1666 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要目前中国页岩气已进行大规模商业开发，但页岩气开发对当地水资源环境造成一定的风险。通过川渝两地页岩气井场实地调查和取样分析，结果表明：一方面，页岩气开发总耗水量巨大，每口井用水量约32000 m³；另一方面，水环境污染风险来自于：1）压裂返排液和钻井返排液，其成分复杂，盐度高，并含有多种重金属；2）钻进过程产生巨量的废油基泥浆和含油钻屑；3）页岩气开发地区，溶洞、裂缝、暗河发育，钻井过程易发生井漏或井喷；4）地面工程建设。因此，在页岩气开发过程中，必须精心施工，合理调配水资源，大力发展返排液处理技术，以便防止页岩气开发过程中过度消耗水资源，并避免水污染。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	陆廷清
	胡明
	刘墨翰
	丁春艳
	汪星

关键词 ：页岩气开发, 水力压裂, 含油钻屑, 水资源消耗, 水环境污染, 川渝地区

Abstract：At present, China has commercially exploited shale gas in a large-scale. However, the shale gas development may bring risks for water resources and environments. By surveying water consumption, sampling and analyzing flowbacks from shale gas drill sites in Sichuan and Chongqing, it is shown that the total water consumption is huge for the shale gas development, i.e., each well consumes about 32000 m³ of water. On the other hand, potential risks of water pollution come from several sections during shale gas development:firstly, fracturing and drilling flowbacks produce water having high salinity, complex components and a variety of heavy metals; secondly, a huge amount of waste fluids and oil-based mud cuttings are produced in the drilling process; thirdly, drilling circulation loss often happens in shale gas development areas where caves, cracks and underground rivers largely exist; and fourthly, constructions of the ground engineering. Besides, storage pools are apt to spill and leak by heavy rain or other factors. Therefore, when shale gas is extracted from Sichuan and Chongqing, constructions, allocation of water resources, and developing treatment technology of flowbacks must be meticulous. It is important to prevent water resources from being consumed excessively and water environment from being polluted in the developing shale gas.

Key words： shale gas development hydraulic fracturing oily cuttings water resource consumption water environment contamination Sichuan and Chongqing

收稿日期: 2015-08-16

基金资助:四川省环境保护科技计划项目（2013HB01）

作者简介: 陆廷清,副教授,研究方向为石油与天然气地质、资源环境,电子信箱:lutingqing@swpu.edu.cn

引用本文:

陆廷清, 胡明, 刘墨翰, 丁春艳, 汪星. 页岩气开发对川渝地区水资源环境的影响[J]. 科技导报, 2016, 34(23): 51-56.
LU Tingqing, HU Ming, LIU Mohan, DING Chunyan, WANG Xing. On the impact of shale gas development on water resource and environment in Sichuan and Chongqing. Science & Technology Review, 2016, 34(23): 51-56.

链接本文:

http://www.kjdb.org/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.23.005 或 http://www.kjdb.org/CN/Y2016/V34/I23/51

[1] 《页岩气地质与勘探开发实践丛书》编委会. 中国页岩气地质研究进展[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社, 2011. Editorial Committee of "Series of Books on the Geology and Exploratory Development of Shale Gas". Recent progresses of shale gas study in China[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2011.
[2] World shale gas resources:An initial assessment of 14 regions outside the United States[R]. Washington, DC:US Energy Information Administration. 2011:1-365.
[3] 邹才能, 董大忠, 杨桦, 等. 中国页岩气形成条件及勘探实践[J]. 天然气工业, 2011, 31(12):26-39. Zhou Caineng, Dong Dazhong, Yang Hua, et al. Conditions of shale gas accumulation and exploration practices in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2011, 31(12):26-39.
[4] 张金川, 聂海宽, 徐波, 等. 四川盆地页岩气成藏条件[J]. 天然气工业, 2008, 28(2):151-156. Zhang Jinchuan, Nie Haikuan, Xu Bo, et al. Geological condition of shale gas accumulation in Sichuan basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2008, 28(2):151-156.
[5] 朱炎铭, 陈尚斌, 方俊华, 等. 四川地区志留系页岩气成藏的地质背景[J]. 煤炭学报, 2010, 35(7):1160-1165. Zhu Yanming, Chen Shangbin, Fang Junhua, et al. The geologic background of the Siluric shale-gas reservoiring in Szechwan, China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2010, 35(7):1160-1165.
[6] 董大忠, 程克明, 王玉满, 等. 中国上扬子地区下古生界页岩气形成条件及特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2010, 31(3):288-299. Dong Dazhong, Cheng Keming, Wang Yuman, et al. Forming conditions and characteristics of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic of the Upper Yangtze region, China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31(3):288-299.
[7] 王世谦, 陈更生, 董大忠, 等. 四川盆地下古生界页岩气藏形成条件与勘探前景[J]. 天然气工业, 2009, 29(5):51-58. Wang Shiqian, Chen Gengsheng, Dong Dazhong, et al. Accumulation conditions and exploitation prospect of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic Sichuan basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2009, 29(5):51-58.
[8] 李玉喜, 聂海宽, 龙鹏宇. 我国富含有机质泥页岩发育特点与页岩气战略选区[J]. 天然气工业, 2009, 29(12):115-118. Li Yuxi, Nie Haikuan, Long Pengyu. Development characteristics of organic-rich shale and strategic selection of shale gas exploration area in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2009, 29(12):115-118.
[9] 董大忠, 邹才能, 杨桦, 等. 中国页岩气勘探开发进展与发展前景[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(增1):107-114. Dong Dazhong, Zou Caineng, Yang Hua, et al. Progress and prospects of shale gas exploration and development in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(Suppl 1):107-114.
[10] 翟光明, 何文渊, 王世洪. 中国页岩气实现产业化发展需重视的几个问题[J]. 天然气工业, 2012, 32(2):1-4. Zhai Guangming, He Wenyuan, Wang Shihong. A few issues to be highlighted in the industrialization of shale gas in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2012, 32(2):1-4.
[11] 王道富, 高世葵, 董大忠, 等. 中国页岩气资源勘探开发挑战初论[J]. 天然气工业, 2013, 33(1):8-17. Wang Daofu, Gao Shikui, Dong Dazhong, et al. A primary discussion on challenges for exploration and development of shale gas resources in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2013, 33(1):8-17.
[12] 藤吉文, 刘有山. 中国页岩气成藏和潜在产能与对环境的污染分析[J]. 中国地质, 2013, 40(1):1-30. Teng Jiwen, Liu Youshan. An analysis of reservoir formation, potential productivity and environmental pollution effect of shale gas in China[J]. Geology in China, 2013, 40(1):1-30.
[13] Yang Hong, Flower R J, Thompson J R. Shale-gas plans threaten China's water resources[J]. Science, 2013, 340(6183):1288.
[14] 王玲, 熊永生. 水平井压裂技术下的页岩气开发环境影响研究[J]. 生态经济, 2013, 275(12):118-120,138. Wang Ling, Xiong Yongsheng. Study on the environmental impact of the development of shale gas in horizontal well fracturing technology[J]. Ecological Economy, 2013, 275(12):118-120, 138.
[15] 凯特琳·M·纳什. 页岩气开发技术[M]. 汪丽华, 周靖, 王建强, 等, 译. 上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2012. Nash K M. Shale gas development[M]. Wang Lihua, Zhou Jing, Wang Jianqiang, et al, trans. Shanghai:The Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2010.
[16] 夏玉强. Marcellus页岩气开采的水资源挑战与环境影响[J]. 科技导报, 2010, 28(18):103-110. Xia Yuqiang. The challenges of water resources and the environmental impact of Marcellus shale gas drilling[J]. Science and Technology Review, 2010, 28(18):103-110.
[17] Vidic R D, Brantley S L, Vandenbossche J M, et al. Impact of shale gas development on regional water quality[J]. Science, 2013, 340:1235009-1-9.
[18] 王社教, 王兰生, 黄金亮, 等. 上扬子区志留系页岩气成藏条件[J]. 天然气工业, 2009, 29(5):45-50. Wang Shejiao, Wang Lansheng, Huang Jinliang, et al. Accumulation conditions of shale gas reservoirs in Silurian of the Upper Yangtze region[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2009, 29(5):45-50.
[19] 张金川, 李玉喜, 聂海宽, 等. 渝页1井地质背景及钻探效果[J]. 天然气工业, 2010, 30(12):114-118. Zhang Jinchuan, Li Yuxi, Nie Haikuan, et al. Geologic setting and drilling effect of the shale cored well Yuye-1, Penshui County of Chongqing[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2010, 30(12):114-118.
[20] 李玉喜, 张大伟, 张金川. 页岩气新矿种的确立依据及其意义[J]. 天然气工业, 2012, 32(7):93-98. Li Yuxi, Zhang Dawei, Zhang Jinchuan. Criteria for and significance of government's approving shale gas as a newly found mineral[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2012, 32(7):93-98.
[21] 周德华, 焦方正, 贾长贵, 等. JY1HF页岩气水平井大型分段压裂技术[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2014, 42(1):75-80. Zhou Dehua, Jiao Fangzheng, Jia Changgui, et al. Large-scale multistage hydraulic fracturing technology for shale gas horizontal well JY1HF[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014, 42(1):75-80.
[22] 王志刚. 涪陵焦石坝地区页岩气水平井压裂改造实践与认识[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(3):425-430. Wang Zhigang. Practice and cognition of shale gas horizontal well fracturing stimulation in Jiaoshiba of Fuling area[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(3):425-430.
[23] 尹丛彬, 叶登胜, 段国彬, 等. 四川盆地页岩气水平井分段压裂技术系列国产化研究及应用[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34(4):67-71. Yin Congbin, Ye Dengsheng, Duan Guobin, et al. Research about and application of autonomous staged fracturing technique series for horizontal well stimulation of shale gas reservoirs in the Sichuan basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(4):67-71.
[24] Chang Y, Huang R, Robert J R, et al. Shale-to-energy use and air pollutant emissions of shale gas production in China[J]. Applied Energy, 2014, 125(14):147-157.
[25] Brantley S L, Yoxtheimer D, Arjmand S, et al. Water resource impacts during unconventional shale gas development:The Pennsylvania experience[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2014, 126(4):140-156.
[26] Willberg D M, Steinsberger N, Hoover R, et al. Optimization of fracture cleanup using flowback analysis[C]. Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting/Low Permeability Reservoirs Symposium, Denver CO, April 5, 1998:147-159.
[27] 王志刚, 孙健. 涪陵页岩气田试验井组开发实践与认识[M]. 北京:中国石化出版社, 2014. Wang Zhigang, Sun Jian. Exploitation practice and cognition of pilot well group in Fuling shale gas field[M]. Beijing:China Petrochemical Press, 2014.
[28] 郭旭升. 涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块富集机理与勘探技术[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2014. Guo Xusheng. Enrichment mechanism and exploration technology of Fuling shale gas field at Jiaoshiba Block[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2014.
[29] 赵金洲, 王松, 李勇明. 页岩气藏压裂改造难点与技术关键[J]. 天然气工业, 2012, 32(4):46-49. Zhao Jinzhou, Wang Song, Li Yongming. Difficulties and key techniques in the fracturing treatment of shale gas reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2012, 32(4):46-49.
[30] Drohan P J, Brittingham M. Topographic and soil constraints to shalegas development in the north central Appalachians[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2012, 76(5):1696-1706.
[31] Robert B J, Avner V, Thomas H D, et al. Increased stray gas abundance in a subset of drinking water wells near Marcellus shale gas extraction[J]. PNAS, 2013; 110(28):11250-11255.