通过一个日本城市公园的设计实例,介绍了网络虚拟现实技术在日本城市设计中的应用。研究主要利用了虚拟现实模型语音(VRML),Java,Javascript,JSP/ASP等作为工具,在网络服务器上开发了一个公众参与的在线合作设计系统。在各国的公园规划设计实践中,这是使用在线合作设计系统最早的事例之一。为使公众广泛参与公园的规划设计,尽可能使未受过专业训练的人能够立刻使用,开发人员在系统中提供了简便的操作工具,使参与者能够对公园进行功能分区并布置他们喜欢的城市小品,并把设计方案保存到网络数据库中,任何人都能进入数据库调用其他参与者的设计方案进行比较和讨论。本文通过对系统的应用效果评析,证实这种针对非专业人士开发的网络参与式设计工具,确实可提高非专业人员的方案表现以及他们对参与式规划设计的兴趣;使参与者更直观地向设计专业人员表达自己的设计意图和要求;增强了参与者之间的交流;有助于对参与式规划设计扩大参与者范围。

In this paper, the researches of the on-line Virtual Reality Model Language(VRML) collaborative design system in the field of the public participation for the urban design are reviewed, with an example of a framework for an on-line design collaboration system of the park design. In this system, the participant can make the site plan and arrange urban furniture elements on a park map according to their preference and save their design information in a server database. Anybody can access the database in order to use other participant's design information to build up a VRML world for comparisons and discussions. In our system, the VRML, Java, Javascript and JSP/ASP are used as the main development tools, so this system could be installed at a very low cost in a server site. And any participant with a computer can access this system from their home for the design collaboration through the Internet environment. We cooperated with the local government,the planners and the local residents for conducting a social experiment in the Yamanoue park of the Kanazawa city in order to verify the effectiveness of the on-line collaborative design system.