Effect of Hop-pocket Sand Barrier on the Wind and Sand Flow and Soil Moisture of Mobile Dune
YUAN Limin1,2, GAO Yong1, ZHANG Wenjun2, DANG Xiaohong1, HU Xiaolong2, NA Qin3
1. College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science, Hohhot 010010, China;
3. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Hohhot 010031, China
摘要为了解布袋沙障对风沙流和土壤湿度的影响,通过测定风速和采集地表0~30 cm 输沙,同时对地下0~40 cm 土壤含水率进行测试,分别研究1 m×1 m、2 m×2 m、3 m×3 m 规格布袋沙障防风效能、粗糙度、输沙量和土壤湿度差异。结果表明,布袋沙障能够有效提高0~30 cm 高度范围的防风效能,增加地表粗糙度,显著降低0~30 cm 地表输沙量和改变风沙流结构。3 种布袋沙障的防风效能顺序为1 m×1 m>2 m×2 m>3 m×3 m,1 m×1 m 与其他两种规格布袋沙障的防风效能差异显著(P<0.05),2 m×2 m 和3 m×3 m 规格布袋沙障的防风效能间无显著差异;粗糙度顺序为1 m×1 m>2 m×2 m>3 m×3 m>对照,1 m×1 m、2 m×2 m 和3 m×3 m 规格沙障粗糙度分别比对照高91.31%、78.88%和76.26%,差异极显著(p<0.001);0~30 cm 输沙量顺序为对照>3 m×3 m>2 m×2 m>1 m×1 m,对照的0~30 cm 输沙量达到了71.43 g/(min·cm2),是布袋沙障的32.98 倍,3 种规格布袋沙障与对照沙丘2~10 cm 和0~1 cm 两层沙量的比值λ均大于1,说明在监测期内地表均处于风蚀状态。土壤含水率顺序为对照>3 m×3 m>2 m×2 m>1 m×1 m,在0~20 cm 土层此变化趋势明显,对照的土壤含水率分别比3 m×3 m、2 m×2 m、1 m×1 m 规格沙障样地的土壤含水率高55.15%、58.63%和67.45%。
Abstract:To understand the influence of hop-pocket sand barrier on wind and sand flow and soil moisture, the wind-break potency, surface roughness, parameters of sediment transport rates and soil moisture of 1 m×1 m, 2 m×2 m, 3 m×3 m square hop-pocket sand barrier were studied through anemometry, sand collection of ground 30 cm and soil moisture of underground 0-40 cm on sand dune. The results showed that hop-pocket sand barrier can improve the wind-break potency of 0-30 cm height range effectively, increasing the sand dune surface roughness, reducing the sediment discharge of 0-30 cm height range significantly. The order of wind-break potency of hop-pocket sand barrier was 1 m×1 m>2 m×2 m>3 m×3 m. The difference of 1 m×1 m was significant compared to 2 m× 2 m and 3 m×3 m, and there was no significant difference between 2 m×2 m and 3 m×3 m. The order of surface roughness was 1 m× 1 m>2 m×2 m>3 m×3 m>CK; the roughness of 1 m×1 m, 2 m×2 m and 3 m×3 m were increased by 91.31%, 78.88% and 76.26% higher than the control and the differences were significant (P<0.001). 0-30 cm sediment discharge of the control reached 71.43 g/(min·cm2), and it was 32.98 times more than hop-pocket sand barrier.λ eigenvalues was the sediment discharge ratio of 2-10 cm and 0-1 cm of hop-pocket sand barrier and the control, and λ >1, deducing that their surfaces were wind eroded during the monitoring period. The order of soil moisture was CK>3 m×3 m>2 m×2 m>1 m×1 m, the trend of 0-20 cm layer was obvious, and soil moisture of the control was increased by 55.10%, 58.63% and 67.45% higher than 3 m×3 m、2 m×2 m and 1 m×1 m hop-pocket sand barrier.
袁立敏, 高永, 张文军, 党晓宏, 胡小龙, 纳钦. 布袋沙障对流动沙丘地表风沙和土壤湿度的影响[J]. 科技导报, 2014, 32(3): 71-76.
YUAN Limin, GAO Yong, ZHANG Wenjun, DANG Xiaohong, HU Xiaolong, NA Qin. Effect of Hop-pocket Sand Barrier on the Wind and Sand Flow and Soil Moisture of Mobile Dune. journal1, 2014, 32(3): 71-76.
[1] 国家林业局. 中国荒漠化和沙化状况公报[EB]. [2013-12-26]. http:// www.forestry.gov.cn//uploadfile/main/2011-1/file/2011-1-5-59315b03-587b4d7793d5d9c3aae7ca86.pdf. State Forestry Administration. Chinese Bulletin desertification and desert conditions[EB]. [2013-12-26]. http://www.forestry.gov.cn//upload file/main/2011/oL1/file/2011-1-5-59315b03587b4d7793d5d9c3-aae7ca 86.pdf.
[2] 高永, 邱国玉, 丁国栋, 等. 沙柳沙障的防风固沙效益研究[J]. 中国沙 漠, 2004, 24(3): 365-370. Gao Yong, Qiu Guoyu, Ding Guodong, et al. Effect of salix psammophila checkerboardon reducing wind and stabilizing sand[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2004, 24(3): 365-370.
[3] 韩志文, 刘贤万, 姚正义, 等. 复膜沙袋阻沙体与芦苇高立式方格沙障 防风机理风洞模拟实验[J]. 中国沙漠, 1982, 2(1): 13-20. Han Zhiwen, Liu Xianwan, Yao Zhengyi, et al. Wind tunnel test on sand-preventing mechanism of double-filmed sand-bag obstacle and upright Checkerboard Sand-barrier[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 1982, 2(1): 13-20.
[4] Caput C, Belot Y, Guyot G, et al. Transport of a diffusing material over a thin wind break[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1973, 7(1): 75-86.
[5] 董治宝, Fryrear D W, 高尚玉. 直立植物防沙措施粗糙特征的模拟实 验[J]. 中国沙漠, 2000, 20(3): 260-263. Dong Zhibao, Fryrear D W, Gao Shangyu. Modeling the roughness effect of blown-sand-controlling standing vegetation in wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(3): 260-263.
[6] 董智, 李红丽, 汪季, 等. 土工格栅沙障防风积沙效应风洞模拟实验[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2007, 5(1): 35-39. Dong Zhi, Li Hongli, Wang Ji, et al. Wind tunnel test on effect of controlling wind and deposited sand of geogrid sand-barrier[J]. Chinese Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 5(1): 35-39.
[7] 屈建军, 刘贤万, 雷加强, 等. 尼龙网栅栏防沙效应的风洞模拟实验[J]. 中国沙漠, 2001, 21(3): 276-280. Qu Jianjun, Liu Xianwan, Lei Jiaqiang, et al. Simulation experiments on sand arresting effect of nylon net fence in wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2001, 21(3): 276-280.
[8] 刘虎俊, 王继和, 李毅, 等. 塑料网方格沙障对新月形沙丘迎风坡的风 沙流影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(5): 26-29. Liu Hujun, Wang Jihe, Li Yi, et al. Effects of plastic checkerboard sand-barrier on wind-sand flux of leeward of crescentic dune[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(5): 26-29.
[9] 袁立敏, 高永, 虞毅, 等. PLA沙障对土壤硬度的影响[J]. 中国水土保 持科学, 2010, 8(3): 172-177. Yuan Limin, Gao Yong, Yu Yi, et al. Research on the effect of PLA sand barrier on soil hardness[J]. Chinese Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 8(3): 172-177.
[10] 王振亭, 郑晓静. 草方格沙障尺寸分析的简单模型[J]. 中国沙漠, 2002, 22(3): 229-232. Wang Zhenting, Zheng Xiaojing. A simple model for calculating measurements of straw checkerboard barriers[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2002, 22(3): 229-232.
[11] 龚福华, 何兴东, 彭小玉, 等. 塔里木沙漠公路不同固沙体系的性能 和成本比较[J]. 中国沙漠, 2001, 21(2): 45-49. Gong Fuhua, He Xingdong, Peng Xiaoyu, et al. Comparison of the performance and cost of different sand stabilization systems along the TarimDeserthighway[J].JournalofDesert Research, 2001, 21(2): 45-49.
[12] 常兆丰, 仲生年, 韩福贵, 等. 粘土沙障及麦草沙障合理间距的调查 研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2000, 20(4): 455-457. Chang Zhaofeng, Zhong Shengnian, Han Fugui, et al. Research of the suitable row spacing on clay barriers and straw barriers[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(4): 455-457.
[13] 万玲玲, 董智, 李红丽, 等.沙柳方格沙障对库布齐沙漠沙丘粒度分 布的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2013, 27(1): 165-170. Wan Lingling, Dong Zhi, Li Hongli, et al. Effects of Salix psammophila checkerboard sand barrier on the distribution and characteristics of sand particle size in Kubuqi Desert[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2013, 27(1): 165-170.
[14] 李锦荣, 孙保平, 高永, 等. 基于空气动力学的沙袋沙障气流场模拟[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2010, 30(6): 749-752. Li Jinrong, Sun Baoping, Gao Yong, et al. Simulation of sand-bag barrier wind flow field based on aerodynamics[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2010, 30(6): 749-752.
[15] 周丹丹. 生物可降解聚乳酸(PLA)材料在防沙治沙中的应用研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2009. Zhou Dandan. The research on biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) material in the desert control [D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2009.
[16] 朱朝云, 丁国栋, 杨明远. 风沙物理学[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1991: 17-20. Zhu Chaoyun, Ding Guodong, Yang Mingyuan. Sand physics[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 1991: 17-20.
[17] 刘贤万. 实验风沙物理与风沙工程学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1995: 147-220. Liu Xianwan. Experimental blown sand physics and drift sand control engineering[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1995: 147-220.
[18] 屈建军, 凌裕泉, 俎瑞平, 等. 半隐蔽格状沙障的综合防护效益观测 研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2005, 25(3): 330-335. Qu Jianjun, Ling Yuquan, Zu Ruiping, et al. Study on comprehensive sand-protecting efficiency of semi-buried checkerboard sand-barriers[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2005, 25(3): 330-335.
[19] 袁立敏. PLA沙障对土壤物理性质影响及其防护效益研究[D]. 呼和 浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2010. Yuan Limin. Study on effects of soil physical properties and protection benefits by PLA sand barrier[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2010.
[20] 吴正. 风沙地貌学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1987: 81-89. Wu Zheng. Aeolian geomorphology[M]. Beijing: Beijing Science Press, 1987: 81-89.
[21] 郑晓静. 风沙运动的力学机理研究[J]. 科技导报, 2007, 25(14): 22-27. Zheng Xiaojing. On mechanism of wind-blown sand movement[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2007, 25(14): 22-27.
[22] 孙保平. 荒漠化防治工程学[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2000: 47-52. Sun Baoping. Desertification control engineering[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2000: 47-52.
[23] 王训明, 陈广庭, 韩致文, 等. 塔里木沙漠公路沿线机械防沙体系效 益分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 1999, 19(2): 120-127. Wang Xunming, Chen Guangting, Han Zhiwen, et al. The benefit of the prevention system along the desert highway in Tarim basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 1999, 19(2): 120-127.
[24] 赵名彦, 丁国栋, 罗俊宝, 等. 浑善达克沙地高速公路沙袋沙障的综 合防护效益研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2009, 23(7): 105-109. Zhao Mingyan, Ding Guodong, Luo Junbao, et al. Study on comprehensive protecting efficiency of sand-bag obstacle of highway in Otindag Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2009, 23(7): 105-109.
[25] 诺民达来. 不同规格黄柳活沙障防风固沙效益研究—以多伦县为例[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2010. Nuomindalai. Study on the effects of wind-breaking and sand-fixation of different sizes of living salix gordejevii barrier: For example Duolun county[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2010.
[26] 展秀丽, 严平, 王宁, 等. 青海湖防沙工程措施区土壤水分及入渗特 征初步研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2012, 19(1): 33-36. Zhan Xiuli, Yan Ping, Wang Ning, et al. Preliminary study on soil water and permeability characteristics of desertification combating areas exerted by engineering measures around Qinghai lake[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 19(1): 33-36.