1. Gens Pharma, Inc., Nanjing 210019, China;
2. School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
3. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Abstract：The thirdhand smoke (THS) is a new concept, so far unfamiliar to most people. It refers to the tobacco smoke toxicants that remain in indoor surfaces and in dust particles after the cigarettes are extinguished. Certain chemical constituents such as nicotine in the THS can react with atmospheric species to generate secondary hazardous products. The THS becomes more toxic during the aging process. The THS poses a great hazard to infants and young children who live with the smokers. This paper reviews the relationship and differences between the THS and the secondhand smoke (SHS). The physical and chemical properties, as well as the common pollution locations and exposure routes of the THS are discussed. The research progresses concerning the THS in recent years with respect to its composition and chemical transformation, the environmental and biological monitoring, and the cellular/tissue and genetic toxicity are reviewed. Finally, the future research directions and clinical implications of the THS exposure are commented. It is believed that the promotion of the THS concept based on scientific findings will impose a positive impact on the social, economic, and policy-making aspects of the overall tobacco control. How to prevent and cleanup the THS would also be of interest to the general public.
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2014, Vol. 32 
