危险化学物质的微流控合成与制备技术

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.16.005

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摘要含能化合物属于一类易燃易爆的危险化学物质，极易受到机械、热和静电等刺激而发生爆炸。传统的含能化合物合成、分离、提纯、细化和包覆等工艺采用本质安全性低的间断式反应釜工艺，缺点是安全性低和线上爆炸物留存量大。微流控反应器具有大面积/体积比和小尺寸微通道，能够在爆轰临界直径下合成，而且线上留存爆炸物很少，为本质安全型。本文对比了连续相微流控、嵌段流微流控技术在化学合成上的技术优势，得出嵌段流微流控解决了晶体产物堵塞微反应通道的难题，提高了反应物的混合效率，是高敏感性含能化合物合成和制备最有前景的创新技术。

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	沈瑞琪
	朱朋
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	赵双飞
	陈聪
	杨用

关键词 ：微流控技术, 微嵌段流, 危险化学物质, 含能材料, 本质安全型

Abstract：Energetic materials are flammable and explosive hazard chemical materials which might explode with an slight excitation, such as the mechanical force, the heat and the static electricity. The conventional processes of synthesis, separation, purification, refining and coating for energetic materials use the internal stirred vessel technology, with a low safety and with large scale explosives kept in line. The microchannel reactor is an essential security technology, because of high ratio of surface/volume and small microchannel, in which the size of the microchannel can be designed in smaller size than the detonation critical diameter of explosives, with a small amount of explosives in line. The continuous phase micro-flow technology is widely used in synthesis and analysis of chemical materials, but the microchannel is easily blocked by solid products. The micro-segmented flow treatment is easier than that of the continuous phase flow. The innovated microsegmented flow technology is specifically suitable for the synthesis of high sensitivity hazard compounds, because of its capabilities in block-free and high efficiency mixing.

Key words： micro flow micro-segmented flow hazard chemical material energetic materials intrinsically safe

收稿日期: 2018-07-01

作者简介: 沈瑞琪,教授,研究方向为含能材料、火工品技术、空间推进技术、微系统技术以及激光与物质相互作用,电子信箱:rqshen@njust.edu.cn

引用本文:

沈瑞琪, 朱朋, 叶迎华, 夏焕明, 赵双飞, 陈聪, 杨用. 危险化学物质的微流控合成与制备技术[J]. 科技导报, 2018, 36(16): 46-52.
SHEN Ruiqi, ZHU Peng, YE Yinghua, XIA Huanming, ZHAO Shuangfei, CHEN Cong, YANG Yong. Microflow synthesis and preparation of hazard chemical materials. Science & Technology Review, 2018, 36(16): 46-52.

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http://www.kjdb.org/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.16.005 或 http://www.kjdb.org/CN/Y2018/V36/I16/46

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