2019年深空探测热点回眸

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.01.004

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摘要深空探测是空间科学探索与发现的重要方式之一。2019年全球在轨工作的深空探测任务有29个，皆为非载人航天任务，主要开展了月球、火星和小行星等的探测、深空太阳观测及日-地L1点空间天气监测和L2点空间天文观测。在纪念人类登月50周年之际，美国加快推动重返月球的阿尔忒弥斯计划，中国嫦娥四号任务着陆器和玉兔二号月球车对月球背面的就位探测和巡视勘察陆续产出一批国际关注的科学成果。美国新视野号任务飞掠柯伊伯带小天体“2014 MU69”的首个科学成果揭示了该“接触双星系统”的发展、地质与构成。日本隼鸟二号任务完成对“龙宫”小行星的两次采样探测、启程返回地球。除了“史诗级”的太阳探测帕克号任务，被“遗忘”在L1点的多个超期服役的空间天气监测科学任务如SOHO、WIND等表现依然稳定和出色。2020年，人类将迎来探测火星的新发射窗口，中国、美国和欧洲等即将实施的多个火星任务引人注目。

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	范全林
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关键词 ：深空探测, 2019年研究热点, 空间科学, 科学发现

Abstract：In 2019, 29 probes all of which are robotic missions explored the Moon, Mars, asteroids, and the Sun, monitoring space weather at Lagrange 1, conducting astronomy observation at Lagrange 2, etc. In the 50th anniversary of human's landing on Moon, US pushed forward the Artermis Program, and China CE-4 lander's in-situ detection and Yutu 2 rover's patrol yielded promising scientific output. Besides, New Horizons'encounter of Kuiper Belt small body "2014 MU69" unveiled the geology and composition of the contact binary. Japan's Hayabusa 2 finished the sampling of Ryugu twice and started to return to Earth. Apart from Parker solar probe, several space weather monitoring missions, such as SOHO and WIND, "forgotten" at L1 in extended missions, were in great status of operation. In 2020 the launch window for Mars mission will open, and several Mars missions by China, US, and Europe-Russia, respectively will be coming into the spotlight.

Key words： deep space exploration 2019 hotspot space science discovery

收稿日期: 2019-12-31

基金资助:中国科学院空间科学（二期）先导专项预研项目（XDA15010000）；中国科学院重点部署项目（ZDRW-KT-2019-1）

作者简介: 范全林,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为空间科学发展战略和政策、空间天气学,电子信箱:fan@nssc.ac.cn

引用本文:

范全林, 时蓬, 李自杰, 白青江, 王琴. 2019年深空探测热点回眸[J]. 科技导报, 2020, 38(1): 47-64.
FAN Quanlin, Shi Peng, LI Zijie, BAI Qingjiang, WANG Qin. Review of global deep space activities in 2019. Science & Technology Review, 2020, 38(1): 47-64.

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http://www.kjdb.org/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.01.004 或 http://www.kjdb.org/CN/Y2020/V38/I1/47

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