2020年天文学热点回眸

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2021.01.003

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (3804 KB) HTML^new
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要从天文设备和科学研究两大方面，回顾了2020年天文学热点事件和研究进展。在这一年，火星正值大冲之年，火星探测迎来新高潮，“嫦娥五号”成功实现月球挖土，“老将”阿雷西博望远镜宣告“退役”，“中国天眼” FAST接过接力棒，在揭秘快速射电暴产生机制方面做出贡献，LIGO/Virgo引力波探测器硕果累累，明亮的新智慧星划过北半球的天空，金星生命信号引起学界争议，eROSITA和盖亚卫星分别绘制了新的银河系精细地图等一系列天文事件精彩纷呈，重大发现层出不穷。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	赵雪杉
	黄京一
	苟利军

关键词 ：嫦娥五号, 引力波, 黑洞, 快速射电暴, FAST, 小行星

Abstract：This paper reviews the hot astronomical events in 2020 from two aspects: Aastronomical equipment and scientific research. In 2020 Mars was at the favourable opposition, traveling to Mars came to a new climax. Many countries succeeded in sampling soil in space. The FAST took the relay baton from the Arecibo telescope, contributing to uncovering the mechanism of rapid radio bursts. LIGO/Virgo collaboration grew and grew. Neowise flitted across the northern sky. The life signals found in the atmosphere of Venus caused widespread controversy. One possible driven mechanism of the fast radio burst was observed. eROSITA and Gaia drew precise pictures of the Milky Way.

Key words： Chang'e 5 probe gravitational waves black hole fast radio burst FAST asteroid

收稿日期: 2020-12-11

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFA0400804）；国家自然科学基金项目（U1838114）；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）（XDB23040100）

通讯作者: 苟利军(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为恒星级黑洞的基本性质,电子信箱:lgou@nao.cas.cn E-mail: lgou@nao.cas.cn

作者简介: 赵雪杉,博士研究生,研究方向为恒星级黑洞的基本性质,电子信箱:xszhao@nao.cas.cn;黄京一(共同第一作者),六级职员,研究方向为国际传播、科学传播,电子信箱:jyhuang@nao.cas.cn

引用本文:

赵雪杉, 黄京一, 苟利军. 2020年天文学热点回眸[J]. 科技导报, 2021, 39(1): 44-53.
ZHAO Xueshan, HUANG Jingyi, GOU Lijun. Top astronomy events in 2020. Science & Technology Review, 2021, 39(1): 44-53.

链接本文:

http://www.kjdb.org/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2021.01.003 或 http://www.kjdb.org/CN/Y2021/V39/I1/44

[1] 成功!多次推迟的阿联酋希望号火星探测器率先发射升空[EB/OL]. (2020-07-21)[2020-12-28]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1672764492256894281.
[2] 美国毅力号火星车发射升空[EB/OL]. (2020-08-01)[2020-12-28]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=16737968-63070657015.
[3] 我国首次火星探测任务"天问一号" 探测器成功发射[EB/OL]. (2020-07-24)[2020-12-28]. http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2020-07/24/nw.D110000renmrb_20200-724_6-01.htm.
[4] 我国首次火星探测任务天问一号探测器传回地月合影[EB/OL]. (2020-07-29)[2020-12-28]. http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6759533/c6809936/content.html.
[5] 天问一号距离地球超1亿千米, 距离火星约1200万千米[EB/OL]. (2020-12-20)[2020-12-28]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1686531838763426783.
[6] 苏萌. 解读"天问一号":中国人为什么要探测火星[J]. 世界科学, 2020(9):36-39.
[7] 嫦娥五号成功落月![EB/OL]. (2020-12-01)[2020-12-28]. http://scitech.people.com.cn/n1/2020/1201/c1007-31951589.html.
[8] 嫦娥五号探测器完成月面自动采样封装[EB/OL]. (2020-12-03)[2020-12-28]. http://scitech.people.com.cn/n1/2020/1203/c1007-31953850.html.
[9] 嫦娥五号探测器圆满完成我国首次地外天体采样返回任务[EB/OL]. (2020-12-17)[2020-12-28]. http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6758823/n6758838/c6810872/content.html.
[10] 嫦娥五号任务月球样品正式交接!"土" 研究开始[EB/OL]. (2020-12-19)[2020-12-28]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1686470422314087522&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[11] 探月工程嫦娥五号任务有关情况发布会[EB/OL]. (2020-12-17)[2020-12-28]. http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6758967/n6758969/n6760261/index.html.
[12] 呼唤异星文明的电波停下了阿雷西博的前世今生[EB/OL]. (2020-12-22)[2020-12-28]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1686742086208915840&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[13] 阿雷西博射电望远镜垮塌受关注[EB/OL]. (2020-12-11)[2020-12-28]. http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2020-12/11/nw.D110000renmrb_20201211_7-15.htm.
[14] 阿雷西博望远镜塌了,"凝视" 宇宙的故事还在继续[EB/OL]. (2020-12-14)[2020-12-28]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1686013544687549142&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[15] Gordon W E. Arecibo ionospheric observatory[J]. Science, 1964, 146(3640):26-30.
[16] Pettengill G H, Dyce R B. A radar determination of the rotation of the planet Mercury[J]. Nature, 1965, 206(4990):1240.
[17] Hulse R A, Taylor J H. A high-sensitivity pulsar survey[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 1974, 191:L59.
[18] Backer D C, Kulkarni S R, Heiles C, et al. A millisecond pulsar[J]. Nature, 1982, 300(5893):615-618.
[19] International Astronomical Union. Minor planet center:Latest published data[EB/OL]. (2019-04-21)[2020-12-28]. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpc/summary.
[20] 李春来, 刘建军, 严韦, 等. 小行星探测科学目标进展与展望[J]. 深空探测学报, 2019, 6(5):424-436.
[21] 天文学家发现"迷你月球":直径不到3.5米[EB/OL]. (2020-02-28)[2020-12-28]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1659741627264462762&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[22] 2月15日, 人类发现了第二颗月亮[EB/OL]. (2020-02-29)[2020-12-28]. https://new.qq.com/omn/20200229/20200229A0JYNG00.html?pc.
[23] 青海火球事件——"肇事者" 身份调查[EB/OL]. (2020-12-29)[2020-12-28]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/REzPDwfZbqz-RneOZZmvUQ.
[24] "隼鸟2号" 回收舱返回地球:所携样本有助探究生命起源[EB/OL]. (2020-12-08)[2020-12-28]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1685435129951983453&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[25] New Frontiers Program[EB/OL]. (2020-08-12)[2020-12-28]. https://www.nasa.gov/planetarymissions/newfrontiers.html#osiris.
[26] Overview|101955 Bennu-NASA Solar System Exploration[EB/OL]. (2019-05-14)[2020-12-28]. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/101955-bennu/overview.
[27] "冥王号" 探测器完成采集小行星贝努样本[EB/OL]. (2020-10-22)[2020-12-28]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1681259345399188028&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[28] Merloni A, Nandra K, Predehl P. eROSITA's X-ray eyes on the Universe[J]. Nature Astronomy, 2020, 4:634-636.
[29] Our deepest view of the X-ray sky[EB/OL]. (2020-06-19)[2020-12-28]. https://www.mpe.mpg.de/7461761/news20200619?c=450698.
[30] Predehl P, Sunyaev R A, Becker W, et al. Detection of large-scale X-ray bubbles in the Milky Way halo[J]. Nature, 2020, 588:227-231.
[31] This is the most precise 3D map of the Milky Way ever made[EB/OL]. (2020-12-03)[2020-12-28]. https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/12/03/1013001/this-is-themost-precise-3d-map-of-the-milky-way-ever-made.
[32] Rivinius T h, Baade D, Hadrava P, et al. A naked-eye triple system with a nonaccreting black hole in the inner binaryp[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2020, 637:L3.
[33] Safarzadeh M, Toonen S, Loeb A. The Nearest Discovered Black Hole Is Likely Not in a Triple Configuration[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2020, 897:L29.
[34] Bodensteiner J, Shenar T, Mahy L, et al. Is HR 6819 a triple system containing a black hole? An alternative explanation[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2020, 641:A43.
[35] LIGO Hanford[EB/OL]. (2008-05-02)[2020-12-28]. https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/system/avm_image_sqls/binaries/32/jpg_original/ligo-hanford-aerial-04.jpg?1447108-890.
[36] Abbott R, Abbott T D, Abraham S, et al. GW190814:Gravitational waves from the coalescence of a 23 solar mass black hole with a 2.6 solar mass compact object[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2020, 896:L44.
[37] Abbott R, Abbott T D, Abraham S, et al. GW190521:A binary black hole merger with a total mass of 150 M☉[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2020, 125:101102.
[38] Abbott R, Abbott T D, Abraham S, et al. Properties and Astrophysical Implications of the 150 M☉ Binary Black Hole Merger GW190521[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letter, 2020, 900:L13.
[39] The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020[EB/OL]. (2020-10-06)[2020-12-28]. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release.
[40] C/2019 Y4(ATLAS)[EB/OL]. (2020-11-07)[2020-12-28]. http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/2019Y4/2019Y4.html.
[41] Newly discovered comet SWAN approaches Earth[EB/OL]. (2020-04-22)[2020-12-28]. https://starwalk.space/en/news/april-2020-comet-swan-c2020-f8.
[42] 看彗星C/2020 F3(NEOWISE)带来肉眼可见的惊喜[EB/OL]. (2020-07-22)[2020-12-28]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1672731843356281110&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[43] Greaves J S, Richards A M S, Bains W, et al. Phosphine gas in the cloud decks of Venus[J/OL]. (2020-09-14)[2020-12-28]. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1174-4.
[44] Snellen I A G, Guzman-Ramirez L, Hogerheijde M R. Re-analysis of the 267 GHz ALMA observations of Venus. No statistically significant detection of phosphine[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2020, 644:L2.
[45] Villanueva G, Cordiner M, Irwin P, et al. No phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus[J/OL]. (2020-10-26)[2020-12-28]. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020arXiv201014305V/exportcitation.
[46] Thompson M A. The statistical reliability of 267 GHz JCMT observations of Venus:No significant evidence for phosphine absorption[J/OL]. (2020-11-18)[2020-12-28]. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.15188.pdf.
[47] The Borexino Collaboration. Experimental evidence of neutrinos produced in the CNO fusion cycle in the Sun[J]. Nature, 2020, 587:577-582.
[48] Zhang B. The physical mechanisms of fast radio bursts[J]. Nature, 2020, 587:45-53.
[49] The CHIME/FRB Collaboration. A bright millisecondduration radio burst from a Galactic magnetar[J]. Nature, 2020, 587:54-58.
[50] Bochenek C D, Ravi V, Belov K V, et al. A fast radio burst associated with a Galactic magnetar[J]. Nature, 2020, 587:59-62.
[51] Lin L, Zhang C F, Wang P, et al. No pulsed radio emission during a bursting phase of a Galactic magnetar[J]. Nature, 2020, 587:63-65.
[52] 验收完成啦,"天眼" FAST接下来干点啥[EB/OL]. (2020-03-31)[2020-12-28]. https://fast.bao.ac.cn/cms/article/74.
[53] Luo R, Wang B J, Men Y P, et al. Diverse polarization angle swings from a repeating fast radio burst source[J]. Nature, 2020, 586:693-696.
[54] The science events to watch for in 2021[EB/OL]. (2020-12-22)[2020-12-28]. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03651-0.