中国科协会同中国科技发展战略研究院，于2008年下半年组织开展了第2次全国科技工作者状况调查。本次调查依托中国科协分布在全国的209个科技工作者状况调查站点，通过随机抽样方法选取样本，共发放问卷32 100份，回收合格问卷30 078份，回收率为93.7%。与2003年进行的第1次全国科技工作者状况调查结果相比，2003-2007年间科技工作者队伍快速增长，科技人力资源数量从2002年末的2 959万人增长到2007年末的5 160万人，增长74%；年轻化趋势日益突出，40岁以下的达 3 700 万人，占总量2/3以上；高学历化趋势明显，调查者中硕士、博士学位获得者从2002年末的11.4%提高至2007年末的25%；科研产出可观，2005-2007年间54.5%的科技工作者发表过学术论文，人均发表论文2.91篇；近50%科技工作者对中国创新政策环境给予较高评价，4/5的科技工作者关注党和国家大政方针，77.5%愿意参与公共事务管理。本次调查结果基本反映了中国科技工作者队伍素质、职业认同、工作压力、科研效率、微观环境、学术交流、继续教育、科技奖励、资助经费、知识产权、产学研合作等方面的状况及需改进的问题。

The Second Investigation on the Status of Scientific and Technological Workers of China was conducted in the second half of 2008 by the efforts of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) and China Institute for Development Strategy of Science and Technology. The investigation was based on the data from 209 investigation points all over the China arranged by CAST. Random sampling method was used. In total, 32 100 questionnaires were issued and 30 078 effective questionnaires were returned with recovery rate 93.7%. Compared with the results of the First Investigation on the Status of Scientific and Technological Workers of China in 2003, the numbers of scientific and technological workers of China had a rapid growth during 2003~2007, from 29.56 million by the end of 2002 to 51.60 million by the end of 2007, rising by 74%. The trend of rejuvenation is increasingly outstanding, 37 million of scientific and technological workers were under age 40, accounting for more than 2/3 of the total. The trend of high educational background was obvious, of which the number of master's or PhD degree increasing from 11.4% by the end of 2002 to 25% by the end of 2007. The scientific research output are considerable, 54.4% of scientific and technological workers of China had published scientific papers during 2005-2007, and the average per capita published papers number was 2.91. Nearly 50% of scientific and technological workers gave a higher evaluation to innovation policy environment in China, 4/5 of them concerned about general and specific policies of CPC and China government, and 75% of them were willing to participate in the public affair management. The results of the investigation of 2008 basically reflected the status and problems needed to improve in quality of scientific and technological workers of China, professional identity, working pressure, scientific research efficiency, environment of scientific and technological activities, academic communication, continuing education, science and technology awards, grants and funding, intellectual property, university-industry cooperation.