超短基线是一种常用的水声定位技术,与其他基线相比,超短基线定位系统基线基阵尺寸小,易于安装。由于远距离误差发散快,超短基线作用距离短,所以其定位精度通常也不高。为了解决超短基线由于自身尺寸小而导致在远距离目标定位中定位精度差的问题,本文通过对传统4元正交阵进行阵型优化,提高了超短基线系统定位精度。相比已有的改进超短基线阵方法,该方法或减少了阵元数,或降低了发射端的制作难度。同时,针对新阵型定位算法,本文给出了相位补偿公式。仿真分析结果表明：新阵型在0°~360°内,目标定位精度比传统超短基线阵提高了近8倍,能够实现对远距离目标的高精度定位。

The Ultra-Short Baseline system(USBL) is a kind of acoustic positioning technology now in wide use. This technique is more convenient than other baselines in view of its small aperture size and the easiness to install. However, the USBL has a low accuracy in a long-range operation because of its small aperture size. This paper proposes a method that improves the positioning precision by optimizing the traditional four-element array. The method requires fewer array elements, or makes it less difficult to build the transmitter as compared with the existing improvements of the USBL array. At the same time, for the application of the new positioning algorithm, this paper proposes a phase compensation formula. The simulation analyses show that the new array can improve the target positioning accuracy by nearly eight times as compared to the traditional ultra-short baseline array in, to achieve the high-precision positioning of distant targets.