中国山区高等级公路建设对其周边沿线区域内的环境损伤破坏比较严重,主要包括水环境污染、大气环境污染、噪音污染、生态环境污染和社会环境影响,所以公路建设的环境损伤评价工作十分重要.为了评估山区高等级公路建设对区域环境的总体影响,通过对公路建设可能造成的环境损伤影响分析,提出了公路建设项目环境损伤影响的评价指标体系,并且引入了可拓学理论,使用物元可拓评价法进行环境损伤评价研究.在评价中以在建的张家界-花垣高速公路为例进行分析,根据张花高速公路现场调研考察所得的数据,建立了环境损伤影响评判的物元模型,给出了基于关联函数的可拓评判方法.计算结果表明,利用物元可拓法中的关联度函数及权重系数等计算手段,能使评价结果与实际情况相符,表明物元可拓评价法能客观反映山区高等级公路在建项目的环境损伤影响情况.

The construction of a highway in mountain areas would influence the environment along the line, in the form of the water environment pollution, the air environmental pollution, the sound pollution,the ecological environment pollution and the social environmental impact. Therefore, the assessment of the highway construction environmental damage is of great importance. In order to evaluate the overall impacts of the area's highway construction project on the district environment, this paper proposes an indicator system of the environmental impact assessment, and uses the extension theory to evaluate the impairment of the environment by the matter element extension method. As an example, the Zhangjiajie-Huayuan expressway construction project is evaluated. The evaluation matter element model of the environment effect is established according to the survey data collected on the Zhangjiajie to Huayuan expressway. At the same time, the extensional evaluation method with correlative functions is used. It is shown that the evaluation results obtained from this method by eliminating the human intervention, using the correlated function and the weight coefficient of the element extension method agree well with the real situations, and represent the main characteristics of the environment influences.