利用太阳光分解水制备氢气,从太阳照射能量中直接获得大功率的动力能源,被认为是人类能源的终极梦想.本文介绍了太阳光催化分解水制氢的原理,阐述了光解水对光催化材料的热力学和动力学要求.重点从新型光催化材料研发、共催化复合体系构筑、纳米形貌调控、器件化设计等4个方面综述了近年来国内外光解水制氢关键材料和技术的研究进展.结合实际应用,对制氢体系中牺牲剂应用、模拟自然光合作用、光解海水、光催化剂稳定性等方面的研究进行了分析.展望了未来太阳光催化分解水制氢技术的发展方向.

Hydrogen production based on photocatalytic water splitting driven by sunlight is able to directly provide high-power energy from the solar energy, which is considered to be the ultimate energy dream of human being. The basic principle of photocatalytic water splitting is presented, and the thermodynamic and kinetic requirements for photocatalytic materials are outlined. Four important strategies to achieve efficient photocatalytic water splitting are discussed; these strategies include the research and development of novel photocatalysts, the construction of cocatalytic system, the modification of nanoscale morphology and structure, and the design of integrated devices. Correspondingly, the recent research progress in the key photocatalytic materials and technologies is summarized. For each strategy, the factors affecting photocatalytic performances as well as the remainder challenges are also presented. In terms of practical applications, the photocatalytic hydrogen generation system is also surveyed by introducing the sacrificial reagent employment, the artificial photosynthesis, the photolysis of seawater, and the photocatalyst stability. Finally, the development direction of photocatalytic technologies for hydrogen production based on water splitting is predicted.