食用菌作为集营养与保健药用价值于一体的食品, 安全卫生, 在维持消费者健康, 保障国家粮食安全方面具有重要意义, 中国已经成为世界上最大的食用菌生产和出口国.食用菌的生产种类多, 目前存在企业生产规模小、技术落后、地区发展参差不齐等不足.食用菌工厂化生产是指在密闭可控环境下进行食用菌周年生产的模式, 自动化水平高, 生产效率高.由于食用菌生长发育的营养方式和环境条件需求与植物截然不同, 需按照食用菌的生物学特性研发食用菌生产与调控技术.光照是食用菌子实体原基产生和子实体生长发育必要的环境条件, 食用菌种类不同其对生长环境中光照条件(光质和光强)需求各异, 传统电光源因光强光质固定不能满足食用菌工厂化生产光环境精准智能调控的技术要求.LED为半导体固态冷光源, 具有光质纯、光效高、波长类型丰富、可按照农业生物需求调制光谱能量等优势, 是食用菌工厂化生产光环境调控的理想设施.本文总结了食用菌光生物学的研究进展, 阐述了LED光源在调控食用菌生长发育和营养品质形成中的作用、研究方向和应用前景.
Edible fungi are the nutritive and healthy food, keeping consumer in good health and guiding national food security. China has become the biggest country for edible fungi production worldwide with many kinds of cultivation species. However, there are some problems for edible fungi production in China, including small scale, outdated technology, and development imbalance between regions. In the past decade, the market demand for edible fungi has increased annually. Therefore, in order to improve the yield and nutritional quality of edible fungi, factory production technology becomes an urgent task. Factory production of edible fungi is referred to cultivate edible fungi under controllable closed facilities all the year round. Since the nutrition patterns and environmental requirements for edible fungi are completely different comparing with the plants. Light is a necessary environmental factor that is needed in the formation of fruiting body primordium and the development of fruiting body. Various edible fungi pose different photobiological traits to light quality and light intensity. In fact, traditional electric sources are unable to meet diverse and precise light environment for the factory production of edible fungi. As a kind of semiconductor light source, Light-Emitting Diode (LED) has many advantages over traditional electric light sources in terms of light quality, light efficiency, and spectral energy distribution. Nowadays, LED becomes an ideal light source for the factory production of edible fungi due to the decline of LED price and enhancement of lighting emitting. The advances in the photobiology of edible fungi are summarized, and the application prospects of LED in the factory production of edible fungi are emphasized.
