炮孔堵塞长度是深孔爆破一次成井设计的重要参数之一。为合理确定堵塞长度,提高深孔爆破一次成井爆破质量,基于岩石破碎理论,分析了深孔爆破一次成井存在的上端、中间和下端3种情况下堵塞物的作用机理。基于堵塞物的材料特性和弹塑性力学理论,建立了爆炸载荷作用下堵塞物变形量的计算模型。从动能定理着手,分析了堵塞物变形过程和运动过程中的能量传递,同时结合堵塞物的抛出时间与岩石介质破碎时间、爆破漏斗初始形成时间以及相邻分层堵塞范围内岩石破碎时间的关系,建立了深孔爆破一次成井堵塞理论。在三道庄矿区32m充填天井试验中,应用堵塞理论,同时结合施工条件选取实际堵塞长度,形成爆破方案,取得了深孔爆破一次成井试验的成功,从而验证了堵塞理论的正确性,为深孔爆破一次成井技术提供了一定的指导意义。

Stemming length is one of the most important parameters during the raise excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting. For properly determining the blast-hole stemming length and improving the blasting effect of one-step deep-hole blasting, a study is carried out. Rock fragmentations are checked up to analyze how stemming length has an effect on raise excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting. Based on the material characteristics of hole stemming and the theory of elastic-plastic mechanics, the deformation calculation model of stemming under the explosion load has been set up. Based on the energy transfer in the process of deformation and movement, and the relation among the time when the stemming moves out of the hole, the time that rock crushes, the time that blasting crater forms, and the time that adjacent stratified rock starts to break, the stemming theory of one-step deep-hole blasting has been deduced from the theorem of kinetic energy. In the experiment with a 32 meters filling up raise located at Sandaozhuang mining area, the stemming theory is applied to; combining with the actual engineering geological conditions, the actual stemming length is selected, an explosive solution is formed, and the raise excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting wins a success. And the stemming theory has been verified and it provides the guidance for raise excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting.