飞机结冰的气象条件是防冰系统设计的重要依据。在综述国内外飞机结冰的气象条件及标准、气象参数地面模拟设备及模拟方法的基础上,针对中国气候特点及不同飞机类型,分析了防冰系统设计中气象条件的选取原则,给出了某型运输机、直升机、战斗机的典型试验条件。结合国内现有冰风洞的设计及试验经验,阐述了冰风洞气象条件的模拟方法:以闭环控制的制冷系统实现低温环境,以风扇动力系统模拟产生高速气流,以喷雾系统产生人工云,并通过调节喷雾水压、喷雾气压以及喷嘴开启个数实现对液态水含量和云雾粒子直径的控制;探讨了液态水含量、云雾粒子直径以及云雾均匀性等气象参数的测量方法。

The design of anti-icing system is in term of the meteorological conditions causing aircraft icing during flight. The physical simulations on meteorological conditions and standards, the surface simulation equipments and mothdologies involved in fight icing are reviewed. To meet the features of climate and types of aircraft in China, the principles to set the appropriate meteorological conditions for anti-icing system design, and experimental plans made for the typical freighter, helicopter and fighter are put forward. Combined with the domestic design and experiment of Icing Wind Tunnel(IWT), critical techniques are presented, e.g., its inner temperature, wind speed and the reproducing of the cloud and fog. During the experiments, a closed-loop controlled refrigerating system is employed to keep a low temperature condition, and a wind turbine system is used to generate airflow with high speed, and a fog spray system is applied to produce the artificial cloud, and the liquid water content and the cloud particle diameter can be controlled by adjusting the water pressure, the air pressure and the quantities of the operative nozzle. Further, the apparatuses and methods are discussed and compared for the correct observation on Liquid Water Content (LWC), Median Volume Diameter (MVD) and uniformity of the cloud and fog.