炸药震源是陆上石油地震勘探中常用的激发源,炸药震源的特性研究对提高爆炸地震波能量和地震分辨率具有十分重要的意义。本文从炸药震源的装药组分和装药结构两个方面综述了相关研究进展,评述了这些进展的实际应用价值与局限性,并探讨了未来可能的研究方向。在炸药震源装药组分方面,介绍了地震勘探对炸药震源的基本要求;分析了有助于提高爆炸地震波能量的炸药配方设计方法;总结了中国近20年应用的4种主要震源的装药组分。在炸药震源装药结构方面,分别介绍了多级延迟叠加震源、低爆速细长型震源、聚能型震源、多井组合震源及螺旋装药震源的结构设计原理和爆炸作用机理;分析了各类型震源的应用效果和适用范围;并展望了炸药震源未来可能的发展方向。

An explosive source is the most commonly used excitation source in seismic exploration. Studies on the characteristics of explosive source play an important role in improving energy and resolution of seismic waves. In this paper, the progress of components and structures of explosive charge are reviewed. Then the practical application value and limitation are commented and the potential future research directions are pointed out. The basic requirement of explosive source for seismic exploration is introduced, and the method of formulation design of explosive to improve seismic wave energy is analyzed and four main charge components during the last twenty years are summarized. On the other hand, the design principle and mechanism of charge structure including multi-level-delayed charge, low detonation velocity and elongated charge, shaped charge, multi-well shot arrays charge and screwing charge are introduced, respectively, and the application effect and scope of each type of explosive structure are analyzed, and looks forward to the prospect of explosive source in the future.