直升机桨叶结冰会严重影响直升机的飞行性能,甚至引发危及飞行安全的事故。喷洒塔是一类用于直升机主桨或尾桨的模拟试验设备,可在自然低温环境下,人工构造云雾条件进行结冰及防除冰试验。本文论述了结冰喷洒塔的系统组成及工作原理,分析了设计及试验过程中的关键技术问题。以某型直升机尾桨结冰喷洒塔研制为例,设计了系统参数,进行了设备配置,布置了工艺流程,通过液态水含量及云雾粒子直径标定,确定了喷雾参数,完成了试验及试验结果分析。结果表明,系统采取空气雾化喷嘴造雾,40个喷嘴布置为5排,保证喷雾浓度及云雾粒子运行距离。系统有效优化了喷嘴设置,通过调节喷雾水压(0.2～0.4MPa)、喷雾气压(0.3～0.4MPa)及开启的喷嘴数(6～18个)等喷雾参数,实现了液态水含量及云雾粒子直径的控制。整体试验效果良好。

Icing on blades will seriously affect helicopter's performance, and even result in accidents endangering the safety. Icing Spray Rig(ISR) for helicopter rotor blade is a simulation system used in the test of main rotator and tail rotator of helicopter, which can artificially build cloud conditions for the icing, anti-icing and deicing tests at natural low temperature. This paper presents the components of an ISR and the corresponding principle, and analyzes the critical techniques within the rig design and applications. As a case study, an ISR is designed for the tail rotor test of a certain type of helicopter. For the design, the parameter of the system are ascertained, and the equipments and configures are determined. Based on the calibration on liquid water content and cloud particle diameter, the spray parameters adopted in course of the test are obtained. The test and the result analysis were carried out. Air atomizing nozzles were used to make fog, and it was found that 40 nozzles in 5 rows are reasonable, and the spray density and the flow distance of the cloud particles can meet the requirements of the test. The system can optimize the spray scheme effectively, and the liquid water content and the cloud particle diameter can be controlled by adjusting the water pressure (0.2-0.4 MPa), the air pressure (0.3-0.4 MPa) and the quantities of the operative nozzles (6-18). It is concluded that the experimental results are favorable. The system can work as a good reference for the future development of a large scale ISR and similar tests.