利用太阳能半导体光催化制氢和制氧,是解决化石能源短缺和环境污染问题的有效途径之一。光催化制氢和制氧体系非常复杂,助催化剂是影响催化效率的一个关键因素。本文综述了光催化产氢助催化剂、光催化产氧助催化剂、光催化产氢和产氧双助催化剂的研究进展。结合光催化原理,介绍了助催化剂的作用,即:作为产氢和产氧的活性位时,催化产氢和产氧反应、降低过电位、促进光生电子和空穴的有效分离等。并对光催化体系中助催化剂的发展提出设想,认为采用二元和多元助催化剂结合的策略,和采用非贵金属型助催化剂的策略将是未来的发展方向。

It is an efficient way to use the solar energy for photocatalytic H₂ and O₂ evolutions on semiconductors to resolve the problems of fossil energy shortage and environmental pollution. The photocatalytic systems of H₂ and O₂ evolutions are very complex and involve a series of issues in science and technology for obtaining the efficient photocatalytic systems of H₂ and O₂ evolutions, among which the selection of co-catalyst is a crucial one. This paper focuses on the progresses of the co-catalysts of photocatalytic H₂ and O₂ evolutions, analyzes and introduces the roles of cocatalysts integrating with the principle of photocatalysis. The roles of the cocatalyst as the active sites for H₂ and O₂ evolutions include the catalysis in the reactions of H₂ and O₂ evolutions, the reduction of overpotentials and the efficient separation of photo-induced electrons and holes. This paper also introduces the idea of the development of cocatalyts in the photocatalytic systems in the future. It is believed that the efficient combination of dual and multiplex cocatalysts, and the exploration of the non-noble metal cocatalyst are the direction of development in the future.