飞机尾流是空气动力飞行器飞行时产生的特有流体力学特征,具有强烈、稳定、持续时间长、空间尺度大等特点,因此可被雷达、激光雷达、声纳等传感器有效探测。飞机尾流的湍流特性使其具有独特的电磁散射特性,尾流的雷达探测技术具有重要的军用和民用价值。本文从尾流的电磁计算与模拟、尾流的测量实验、尾流探测的理论体系3个方面,梳理了尾流探测技术的国内外研究现状,指出该项技术在民航飞行、反隐身探测、雷达抗干扰、航母起降、目标跟踪5个方面具有的应用潜力。尾流探测雷达的研制和原理性验证试验的开展,可进一步推动中国在机场航空、雷达反隐身等领域的发展。

The aircraft wake is a special fluid mechanics feature in an air powered aircraft flight, which is strong, stable, with a long duration and with large spatial scales, so it can be effectively detected by radar, laser radar, sonar sensors. The turbulent flow nature of the aircraft wake leads to a unique electromagnetic scattering property, so the radar detection technology of the aircraft wake is of great value in military and civil applications. This paper reviews the state of the art of the international research of the aircraft wake detection technology from three aspects: The aircraft wake electromagnetism computation, the aircraft wake measurement experiment and the aircraft wake detection theory. It is pointed out that the technology had prospective applications in the civil aviation, the anti-stealth detection, the radar anti-jamming, the aircraft carrier takeoff and landing, and the target tracking. The development of the wake detection radar and the principle testing experiment will further promote the development of the airport, and radar anti-stealth technology in China.