帕金森病(PD)是一种隐匿起病、缓慢进展的神经变性疾病,病理上以黑质致密带多巴胺能神经元选择性的变性缺失、不同程度的胶质细胞增生、细胞内α-突触核蛋白沉积和残存路易小体(LBs)出现为特征。临床表现为进行性加重的运动缓慢、肌强直、静止性震颤和姿势步态异常。由于PD病情呈进行性加重,严重限制了患者的活动能力及影响患者的生活质量,如果不进行积极有效的治疗,患者的生存期会明显缩短,晚期因长期卧床而死于肺炎及尿路感染等并发症。可是,对于PD和非典型帕金森综合症的诊断与鉴别诊断仍然存在很大困难,特别是疾病的早期诊断。有病理研究表明,PD患者出现临床症状时,脑内多巴胺神经元已丢失70%以上。因此,目前迫切需要一种安全、简单、有效的检测方法为PD的临床诊断、处理和疾病进展情况研究提供客观的评价依据。

Parkinson's Disease(PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder which is of hidden onset and slow progress. The pathological findings are characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compact, the different degrees of multiplication of gliocytes, intracellular α-syniclein deposition and the remaining Lewy bodies in the cytoplasm of gliocytes. The clinical diagnosis of PD is currently based on a combination of the main signs of parkinsonism: bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and loss of postural reflexes. As the progress of illness, there is a serious limit in mobility, which has great impact on the quality of life. If the effective management cannot be performed, the life span have to be shorten sharply, even worse, the patient may be died because of complications which are derived from pneumonia and urinary system infection due to long-time bedridden. However, diagnosis of patients with PD and atypical parkinsonism is still clinically difficult, especially at the early stages of the disease. Also, it is suggested that the symptoms of PD do not appear until approximately 70% of the Nigral Dopamine (DA) neurons have been lost. Therefore, the safe, simple and effective methods should be available to offer evidences for early diagnosis, management and tracking of disease progression about PD. Therefore, combined analysis using several kinds of methods, including clinical symptoms, genetics and imaging, may allow the detection of preclinical PD, which in turn may facilitate a prevention of disease onset.