中国的活塞式航空发动机使用的是航空汽油，其活塞航空重油发动机研制目前尚属空白，而研制该类发动机对中国通用航空、军事领域的发展具有重大意义。介绍了国外活塞航空重油发动机的发展现状，列举、对比了4种成熟机型的相关性能参数，阐述了中国在活塞航空重油发动机方面的研究现状。通过借鉴国外的先进技术，分析了中国在研究过程中出现的燃烧效率、控制系统等问题，提出了中国研发活塞航空重油发动机的关键技术难题，为中国通用航空领域的发展提供参考。

The development and manufacturing of piston aviation heavy oil engines remains a blank area in China at present, since the aviation gasoline is used in piston engines. The study of the piston aviation heavy oil engine is of great significance to the aviation for both general and military uses． The development stutus of researches abroad is reviewed,the performance parameters of 4 types of advanced engines are compared． The problems of combustion efficiency and control system are the keys of researches in China according to the advanced foreign technology. This review provides a technical reference for the development of the general aviation in our country.