硝化反应是合成医药、炸药、染料、农药等的重要反应。综述了非传统硝酸体系硝化的新型绿色自由基硝化反应的研究进展，主要包括：NO2+N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺（NHPI）硝化体系、NO2+O3/O2+无机催化剂硝化体系。分别介绍了这两种硝化剂体系的发展历程及其参与的硝化反应的机理和应用情况，以及一些新近其他自由基硝化反应的机理及应用。分析表明，自由基反应过程中，可能优先生成C自由基，选择性地生成C-硝基化合物，为杂环化合物选择性C硝化提供一种有效的方法。绿色自由基硝化环境友好、原子经济性良好，具有较好的发展前景。
The nitration reaction is an important reaction in synthesis of medicine, explosives, dyes, pesticides, and it plays a very important role in organic synthesis. Advances of the new green radical nitration are introduced. The new non-traditional nitric acid nitration systems mainly include two types: NO2+N-hydroxyphthalimide(NHPI) nitration system, and NO2+O3/O2+ inorganic catalyst nitration systems. The development, mechanism and application of the two nitration systems with different nitrating agents are also introduced. Moreover, the mechanism and application of some recent radical nitration reactions are summarized. Green radical nitration is not only environmentally friendly but also has high atom economy and selectivity, offering the possibility of selective nitration of C atoms in heterocyclic compounds. The new green radical nitration is expected to become a valuable trend in the research of nitration.
