为高效利用海生节肢类废弃物，采用化学预处理结合超声法处理废弃蟹壳，从中分离制备α-甲壳素纳米纤维（α-NCF），同时制备了甲壳素纳米纤维气凝胶（NCA）材料。采用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、X 射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）和BET 比表面积测定，对制备的α-NCF 和NCA 的形态特征、结晶特性、化学结构和比表面积进行了测试表征。结果表明，制备的α-NCF 为丝状交联结构，直径约为20 nm；FTIR 表明化学预处理可有效脱除蟹壳中的蛋白质和矿物质；制备的α-NCF的结晶度为85.4%，具有较好的结晶性；制备的NCA 的比表面积为133 m2/g，且柔性可折叠。研究结果为高效开发利用海洋生物质资源提供了一定的研究思路和理论指导。
To efficiently utilize waste marine arthropod materials, α-chitin nanofibers (α-NCF) and α-chitin aerogel (NCA) were prepared from discarded crab shells via ultrasonic method combined with pre-chemical treatment. The morphological features, crystalline characteristics, chemical structures, and specific surface area of the as-prepared materials were characterized by field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET method. The results showed that the diameter of the obtained chitin nanofibers was evenly about 20 nm with cross-linked thread-like structures. It was confirmed from FTIR spectra that the natural chitin/protein/mineral composites in the crab shells have been completely removed through the chemical treatment. The prepared α-NCF possess a high crystallinity of 85.4%. Meanwhile, the freezing-dried chitin aerogel has flexibility as well as a relatively high BET of 133 m2/g.
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