Based on analysis of the spectral characteristics of ground objects in Badan Jaran Desert, modified index for desert lake water identification was put forward in this paper. This new water index effectively increased the discrimination of water body from the information of vegetation and dry lakes, improving the extraction efficiency and precision. Using TM/ETM+ remote sensing images (eight remote sensing image totally), this study analyzed the variation of lake area in summer and autumn from 1990 to 2010 using the method of MDLWI. The results showed that the average lake area is 19.11 km2 in summer and 17.74 km2 in autumn, which is significantly smaller than that in summer. The lake area has been slowly decreasing in the 20 years, while in summer the lake area shows a decrease-increase-decrease trend and the change is relatively large. Combined with changes of precipitation and evaporation, the analysis showed that underground water recharge is the main source for desert lake recharge instead of precipitation, the amount of which is more in summer than in autumn.
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