绿盲蝽（Apolygus lucorum（Meyer-Dür.））和葡萄斑叶蝉（Erythroneura apicalis（Nawa））是常见的葡萄害虫，其危害严重影响葡萄产量和果实质量，造成严重的经济损失。为筛选有效防治葡萄绿盲蝽和斑叶蝉的植物源杀虫剂，本实验探究了0.5%藜芦碱、0.6%氧苦·内酯水剂、5%天然除虫菊素、复合楝素杀虫剂、鱼藤酮杀虫剂和复合烟碱杀虫剂等植物源杀虫剂对不同地区葡萄绿盲蝽和斑叶蝉的防治效果。在成都实验点，6 种植物源杀虫剂对绿盲蝽均有很好的防治效果，其中0.5%藜芦碱的防效稳定，防效在60%以上。在石家庄实验点，复合烟碱杀虫剂对绿盲蝽的防治效果最好，防效高达70%以上。在银川实验点，0.5%藜芦碱对斑叶蝉一代成虫和二代若虫的防治效果都最好。在南疆实验点，5%天然除虫菊素对第一代葡萄斑叶蝉成虫防效最好，达100%。0.5%藜芦碱、复合烟碱可作为防治绿盲蝽的有效药剂，5%天然除虫菊素可作为防治葡萄斑叶蝉的有效药剂，在葡萄无公害生产上推广使用。
张珣
,
周莹莹
,
李燕
,
付学池
,
刘钰燕
,
陈展
,
陈建
,
赵荣华
,
刘启山
,
张怡
,
高灵旺
,
王琦
. 植物源杀虫剂对葡萄绿盲蝽和斑叶蝉的防治效果[J]. 科技导报, 2014
, 32(12)
: 36
-40
.
DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2014.12.005
Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür.) and Erythroneura apicalis (Nawa) are important pests that affect the quality and the yield of grapevine and cause huge economic losses. This paper focuses on the selection of effective botanical pesticides to control A. lucorum and E. apicalis. This experiment explores the effect of several botanical pesticides for A. lucorum and E. apicalis, including the 0.5% veratrine, the 0.6% Oxygen·Lactone agent, the 5% natural pyrethrin, the composite neem pesticide, the rotenone and the composite nicotine. The 0.5% veratrine shows a stable control efficacy, which is higher than 60% in Chengdu, while the composite nicotine shows the highest efficacy against A. lucorum, which is above 70%. In Yinchuan, the 0.5% veratrine shows the highest efficacy, against the first generation adults and the second generation larvae of E. apicalis, while the 5% natural pyrethrin shows 100% control efficacy against E. apicalis in Nanjiang. The 0.5% veratrine and the composite neem could be used as effective pesticides to control A. lucorum and the 5% natural pyrethrin can be used to control E. apicalis. They could be widely used in the production of pollution-free grapes.
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