尾矿库溃坝灾害会造成尾矿大量泄漏，溃坝砂流会淹没农田、污染环境、危害生命财产安全。为研究溃坝砂流演进运动及规律，基于尾矿库溃坝砂流的流变特性，构建了尾矿坝溃坝砂流在下游演进运动的数学模型；采用4 次抛物线概化尾矿库溃坝下泄砂流流量过程线，该方法确定了泄砂总量、溃坝口平均宽度、坝址最大砂流量、坝址流量过程线等溃坝的重要参数；以某失事尾矿库为例，利用该数学模型，从平面堆积范围、堆积纵剖面、堆积横剖面3 个方面揭示了溃坝砂流在下游演进运动规律。
The tailing reservoir disaster not only causes a serious leakage, but also the related tailing flow can submerge the farmland, pollute the environment and endanger people's lives and property in the downstream. Therefore, the detailed study of the dam-break flow is important in the design and siting of tailing reservoirs, the disaster prevention and mitigation and the daily safe operation. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to describe the routing of the tailing flow in the downstream after tailing dam break based on the rheological properties of the tailing flow. The fourth order parabola is used for the discharged tailing flow process curve of the tailing reservoir dam-break, by which important parameters of the tailing dam break are determined such as the gross leakage of the tailing, the average width of the dam break, the maximum tailing flow at the tailing dam, the flow graph of tailings at the dam. Finally, with a tailing reservoir failure as an example, the mathematical model is used to study the dam-break tailing flow routing and the flow in the downstream in the context of the following three aspects: the plane area of the deposition, the longitudinal profile of the deposition and the cross section of the deposition.
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