随着中国人口老龄化趋势的加剧、环境及生活方式的改变，癌症已成为严重危害中国居民健康和社会发展的主要疾病之一。自20 世纪70 年代以来中国恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率呈持续增长趋势。对目前恶性肿瘤发病和死亡数据的分析，了解其负担和变化趋势，可为制定有效的肿瘤控制规划和策略提供可靠依据。据全国肿瘤登记中心掌握的全国肿瘤登记数据及3 次全国死因调查资料，对目前的恶性肿瘤发病和死亡及变化趋势进行汇总和分析发现，目前中国每年恶性肿瘤新发病例约309 万，死亡196 万，肺癌、女性乳腺癌、胃癌、肝癌和食管癌是常见的肿瘤。恶性肿瘤发病率在20 年间呈明显上升趋势，特别是后10 年变化尤其显著，其中人口老龄化是主要因素。肿瘤负担不断加剧，应采取积极有效的防控措施遏制肿瘤对中国居民健康的危害。
Cancers have been becoming a major disease threatening human health and social development in China, along with its rapid economic development and an increasing older population. Since 1970s, cancer incidence and mortality in China have risen steadily. It is helpful to understand cancer status and trends through the analysis of cancer registry data so as to provide reliable evidences for making effective cancer control strategy and policy. In this paper, the cancer incidence, mortality and time trend of cancer in China are summarized and analyzed based on the dataset from National Central Cancer Registry and three national death surveys. There are about 3.09 millions cancer new cases diagnosed and 1.96 millions cancer deaths annually. Lung cancer, female breat cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer have been the most common cancers. Cancer incidences of most cancers have been increasing over the past 20 years, especially in latest 10 years, mainly due to the aged population. Effective control act should be taken to face the increase of disease burden from cancers in China.
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