尽可能降低间柱采场开采的贫化和损失、充分回采间柱矿产资源,是某矿山当前亟待解决的问题。从控制间柱采场复杂边界的角度,运用显示动力分析软件LS-DYNA 对间柱采场边排孔的装药结构、两帮和两端的边孔距进行数值优化,对比4 种间隔装药结构方案边界处测点的x 向振动速度方差,得到间隔比例为0.588 最优装药结构方案产生的爆破振动最均匀;根据第四强度理论,得出最合理两帮和两端边孔距分别为1.6 m 和1.2 m,此时对充填体和岩石造成的破坏最小。将研究成果应用于试验间柱采场,验证了间柱采场贫损爆破控制技术的有效性。
In a certain underground lead-zinc mine, an urgent task is to decrease the dilution and the loss of the pillar stope mining as much as possible and to mine the pillar mineral resources fully. In order to control the stope complicated boundary, the explicit dynamic analysis software LS-DYNA is used for the numerical simulation optimization of the charging structure of side holes,and the spacings of sides and both ends of pillar stopes. The comparison of the x-direction vibration velocity variances of four interval charging structure plans at the boundary measurement points shows that the blasting vibration is the most uniform by the optimal hole charging structure scheme with the interval proportion of 0.588. The optimal hole spacings of sides and both ends are, respectively, 1.6 m and 1.2m with the minimum destruction of rock and backfill based on the Fourth Strength Theory. Applying the research result to the trial pillar stope, the feasibility of the pillar stope dilution and loss control is verified
[1] 解世俊. 金属矿床地下开采[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2008: 18-23.Xie Shijun. Metal mineral deposit underground mining[M]. Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press, 2008: 18-23.
[2] John G H, Hani S M. Numerical modeling of ore dilution in blastholestoping[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences, 2007, 44(5): 692-703.
[3] 朱青凌. 大爆破采场开采数值模拟分析及回采指标可视化计算[D].长沙: 中南大学, 2011: 4-5.Zhu Qingling. Numerical analysis of mining and visual calculation ofmining index in large-scale blasting stope[D]. Changsha: Central SouthUniversity,2011:4-5.
[4] 白金泽. LS-DYNA3D 理论基础与实例分析[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,2005.Bai Jingze. LS-DYNA3D theory foundation and the example analysis[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2005.
[5] 赵海鸥. LS-DYNA动力分析指南[M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 2003.Zhao Haiou. LS-DYNAguide for dynamic analysis[M]. Beijing: WeaponsIndustry Press, 2003.
[6] 叶海旺, 薛江波, 房泽法. 基于LS-DYNA的砖烟囱爆破拆除模拟研究[J]. 爆破, 2008, 25(2): 39-42.Ye Haiwang, XueJiangbo, Fang Zefa. Numerical simulation of brickchimney blasting demolition based on LS-DYNA[J]. Blasting, 2008, 25(2): 39-42.
[7] 刘鹏程. 地下大直径深孔空气间隔装药结构探讨[J]. 矿业研究与开发, 1994, 14(4): 24-28.Liu Pengcheng. Anapproach to charging construction with air space forlarge-diameter longholein underground mines[J]. Mining Research andDevelopment, 1994, 14(4): 24-28.
[8] 张奇, 张若京. ALE 方法在爆炸数值模拟中的应用[J]. 力学季刊,2005, 25(4): 639-642.Zhang Qi, Zhang Ruojing. Numerical simulation of explosion usingALE method[J]. Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics, 2005, 25(4): 639-642.
[9] 周传波. 深孔爆破一次成井模拟优化与应用研究[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学, 2004: 46-58.Zhou Chuanbo. Study on simulation optimization of shaft formation byone deep-hole-blasting[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences,2004: 46-58.
[10] 刘智权. 大间距无底柱分段崩落法回采爆破参数的研究[D]. 武汉:武汉科技大学, 2005: 41-63.Liu Zhiquan. The research of stope blasting parameter in sublevelcaving method with large space between[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan Universityof Science and Technology, 2005: 41-63.
[11] 夏祥. 爆炸荷载作用下岩体损伤特征及安全阀值研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院研究生院, 2006: 43-65.Xia Xiang. Study on damage characteristics and safety threshold ofrock vibration by blast[D]. Beijing: Graduate School of ChineseAcademy of Sciences, 2006: 43-65.
[12] 刘美山. 特高陡边坡开挖爆破技术及其对边坡稳定性的影响[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2007: 66-71.Liu Meishan. The excavation blasting technique of particularly highand steep slope and the influence on its stability[D]. Hefei: Universityof Science and Technology of China, 2007: 66-71.
[13] Bjarnholt G, Holmberg R, Quchterlong F. A linear shaped charge systemfor contour blasting[C]//Koiiya C C. Proceeding of 9th conference onexplosives and blasting technique Dallas. Society of ExplosivesEngineers, 1983: 350-358.
[14] 李夕兵. 岩石冲击动力学[M]. 长沙: 中南工业大学出版社,1994:151-155.Li Xibing. The rock impact dynamics[M]. Changsha: Central SouthUniversity of Technology Press, 1994: 151-155.
[15] 冯福康, 罗周全, 沈玉众, 等. 采空区三维探测建模及采场回采指标可视化计算[J]. 矿业研究与开发, 2011,31(1): 16-18.Feng Fukang, Luo Zhouquan, Shen Yuzhong, et al. 3D detection andmodeling of cavity and visual calculation of stoping indexes[J]. MiningResearch and Development, 2011, 31(1): 16-18.
[16] 罗周全, 张保, 刘晓明, 等. 基于CMS精密探测的采场贫化损失计算方法[J]. 金属矿山, 2007(10): 84-88.LuoZhouquan, Zhang Bao, Liu Xiaoming, et al. Calculation method formining loss and ore dilution based on CMS precision survey[J]. MetalMine, 2007(10): 84-88.
