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回热式低温制冷研究进展

  • 胡剑英 ,
  • 罗二仓
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  • 中国科学院理化技术研究所低温工程学重点实验室, 北京100190
胡剑英,研究员,研究方向为回热式制冷,电子信箱:jyhu@mail.ipc.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2014-06-27

  修回日期: 2014-08-06

  网络出版日期: 2015-02-09

基金资助

国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB227303);国家自然科学基金项目(51276187);NSFC-云南联合基金项目(U1137606)

Progress in regenerative cryocoolers

  • HU Jianying ,
  • LUO Ercang
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  • Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received date: 2014-06-27

  Revised date: 2014-08-06

  Online published: 2015-02-09

摘要

很多特殊的物理现象伴随着低温而出现,低温技术正逐渐渗透到社会生活中的很多领域。回热式制冷作为两类主流低温制冷技术之一,主要包括斯特林制冷机、G-M 制冷机、脉冲管制冷机3 种结构形式。前两种结构技术成熟,但在寿命或效率方面有一定的不足;脉冲管制冷机可靠性和效率均较高,近年来发展最为迅猛。热声理论从声波与固壁相互作用的角度解释了回热式制冷的工作机制,正逐步发展成为研究回热式制冷的统一的理论工具,同时也使一种新的回热式制冷机结构——热声制冷机诞生。其中,双作用热声制冷可能存在较大的发展前景。目前回热式制冷正呈现多热点的发展趋势。回热式制冷在不断拓展应用的同时也在不断深化内在的科学问题研究,改进自身结构,孕育新的发展的机会。

关键词: 回热式; 低温; 制冷机

本文引用格式

胡剑英 , 罗二仓 . 回热式低温制冷研究进展[J]. 科技导报, 2015 , 33(2) : 99 -107 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.02.015

Abstract

Many physical phenomena are accompanied with low temperature. Cryogenic technologies have been applied in many fields. Regenerative cryocooler is one of the two mainstream cryocoolers. It mainly includes three configurations: Stirling cryocooler, GM cryocooler and pulse tube cryocooler. The first two configurations have been well studied. Their disadvantages are short lifetime or low efficiency. Pulse tube cryocooler possesses high reliability and high efficiency, and has attracted much attention. Thermoacoustic theory explains the working mechanism of regenerative cryocoolers from the viewpoint of interactions between the pressure wave and solid surface, gradually becoming a universal theoretical tool for regenerative refrigerators. It also gave birth to thermoacoustic cryocoolers. The so-called double-acting thermoacoustic cryocooler possesses high efficiency and high reliability. It may be a good choice for future applications. Now, quite a few hotspots have arisen in the study of regenerative cryocoolers. Various research has been carried out in this field in the hope of improving the configuration and expanding the applications of regenerative cryocoolers.

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