为探究大气中羰基化合物的质量浓度水平及变化规律, 利用滤膜系统(FP)同时采集大气中颗粒相和气相羰基化合物, FP系统由3 层47 mm 滤膜组成, 其中, 第1 层滤膜用于收集颗粒相羰基化合物, 第2 层和第3 层滤膜涂布五氟苄基羟胺(PFBHA)衍生剂, 用于收集气相羰基化合物。PFBHA 的涂布量为12 μmol、采样流速4 L/min, 每个样品采集4 h。采集后的样品用正己烷提取。利用该方法对上海市大气中的羰基化合物进行研究, 结合气相色谱/质谱仪(GC/MS), 分析大气中羰基化合物浓度的日变化、季节变化以及气相-颗粒相分配规律。研究结果表明:1)上海市大气中15 种目标化合物均能检测到, 包括13 种单羰基化合物和2 种二羰基化合物;2)上海大气中羰基化合物具有明显的日变化和季节变化, 气相羰基化合物的浓度在中午达到最大值, 颗粒相则相反;夏季羰基化合物的总质量浓度((33.8±15.9)μg/m3)显著高于冬季和春季(分别为(10.5±5.0)和(14.0±7.0)μg/m3);3)羰基化合物的气粒分配规律表现为与温度呈正相关、与相对湿度呈负相关。本研究表明, FP 系统可替代AD-FP(环形溶蚀器-滤膜系统)同时采集大气中气相和颗粒相中的羰基化合物, 易于携带, 为羰基化合物的野外观测提供便利。
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