重庆三大城区夏季PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征

彭超; 田密; 翟崇治; 余家燕; 杨复沫; 王欢博; 许丽萍; 钟杰

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.06.002

科技导报 >

2015 , Vol. 33 >Issue 6: 20 - 26

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.06.002

专题论文

重庆三大城区夏季PM_2.5中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征

彭超 ,
田密 ,
翟崇治 ,
余家燕 ,
杨复沫 ,
王欢博 ,
许丽萍 ,
钟杰

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1. 重庆工商大学环境与生物工程学院, 重庆400067;
2. 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院水库水环境重点实验室, 重庆400714;
3. 重庆市环境监测中心, 城市大气环境综合观测与污染防控重庆市重点实验室, 重庆401147

彭超,硕士研究生,研究方向为大气复合污染,电子信箱pengchao@cigit.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2015-01-09

修回日期: 2015-02-10

网络出版日期: 2015-04-10

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(41375123);中国科学院重点部署项目(KJZD-EW-TZ-G06-04);重庆市科学技术委员会项目(cstc2014yyk-fC20003, cstc2013jcsf20001);国家环境保护大气复合污染来源与控制重点实验室开放基金项目(SCAPC201310)

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Characterization of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM_2.5 during summer in Chongqing, China

PENG Chao ,
TIAN Mi ,
ZHAI Chongzhi ,
YU Jiayan ,
YANG Fumo ,
WANG Huanbo ,
XU Liping ,
ZHONG Jie

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1. School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institutes of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China;
3. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control, Chongqing Environmental Monitor Center, Chongqing 401147, China

Received date: 2015-01-09

Revised date: 2015-02-10

Online published: 2015-04-10

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摘要

以重庆市渝北区、南岸区和渝中区3 个主要城区为研究对象, 采集夏季PM_2.5样品, 应用DRI Model 2001A 热/光分析仪, 采用IMPROVE-TOR 方法测定了PM_2.5中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)含量, 并对3 地的OC、EC 污染特征进行了评价, 探讨了PM_2.5中含碳物质的来源。结果表明, 南岸区OC、EC 质量浓度分别为(5.8±1.5)、(2.5±0.8)μg·m^-3, 低于渝北区((8.9±3.2)、(4.2±1.6)μg·m^-3))和渝中区((8.8±2.2)、(4.6±1.3)μg·m^-3), 与PM_2.5质量浓度的分布一致, 表明渝北区和渝中区的含碳污染物的排放可能较为严重。渝北区、南岸区和渝中区的OC 与EC 均显著正相关, 表明三大城区OC 和EC 可能分别具有相似的一次污染源。排除降雨天和O₃浓度较高的晴天, 利用m(OC)/m(EC)比值法对渝北区、南岸区、渝中区二次有机碳(SOC)进行估算, SOC 质量浓度分别为(2.0±1.8)、(1.0±0.7)、(2.3±2.0)μg·m^-3, 占OC 比例均低于30%。渝中区SOC 对OC 的贡献率最高, 这可能是因为该地区易于形成城市热岛效应, 且热量和辐射效应更加明显, 有助于SOC 的生成。通过计算PM_2.5中8 个碳组分丰度, 初步判断机动车尾气排放可能是三大城区碳质组分的主要来源。

关键词： PM_2.5; 有机碳; 元素碳; 热光反射法; 夏季

本文引用格式

彭超 , 田密 , 翟崇治 , 余家燕 , 杨复沫 , 王欢博 , 许丽萍 , 钟杰 . 重庆三大城区夏季PM_2.5中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征[J]. 科技导报, 2015 , 33(6) : 20 -26 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.06.002

Abstract

PM_2.5 samples were collected at three sites located in Yubei, Nan'an and Yuzhong in Chongqing during the summer of 2014. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were analyzed with a DRI model 2001A thermal optical carbon analyzer using the IMPROVE-TOR protocol. The pollution characteristics of OC and EC at these sites were evaluated, and the sources of carbonaceous materials in PM_2.5 were investigated. The average concentrations of OC and EC were (5.8±1.5) and (2.5±0.8) μg·m^-3 in Nan'an, lower than those in Yubei ((8.9±3.2) and (4.2±1.6) μg·m^-3) and Yuzhong ((8.8±2.2) and (4.6±1.3) μg·m^-3). This is consistent with the concentration distribution of PM_2.5, suggesting that the emissions of carbon may be more serious in Yubei and Yuzhong. Concentrations of OC and EC in PM_2.5 were found to be significantly correlated in Yubei, Nan'an and Yuzhong, suggesting that they may have similar primary sources. For Yubei, Nan'an and Yuzhong, the concentrations of second organic carbon were estimated as (2.0±1.8), (1.0±0.7) and (2.3±2.0) μg·m^-3 by OC/EC ratio method during days without rain and high concentration of O₃. The ratios of second organic carbon (SOC) in organic carbon (OC) were lower than 30%. The contribution of SOC to total OC was the highest in Yuzhong. This was possibly due to the formation of the urban heat island effect and the obviousness of the heat and radiation effect, which are beneficial to SOC generation through photochemical reaction. By calculating and analyzing the abundances of eight carbon components in PM_2.5, it is indicated that motor vehicle emissions are the major sources of carbon components at the three sites.

Key words： PM_2.5; organic carbon; elemental carbon; thermal optical reflection; summer

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