涉核技术的快速发展和应用领域的扩展,对放射性废水的处理提出了更高的要求,膜分离技术在放射性废水处理方面表现出良好的应用前景。本文简述了微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透、电渗析、膜蒸馏及液膜等膜过程处理放射性废水的机制,综述了国内外膜法处理放射性废水的应用及研究现状,探讨了膜分离技术应用中存在的问题及发展方向。
The liquid radioactive waste treatment is a challenging task in the rapid development and extensive applications of nuclear technology. The membrane technologies have a potential application in the liquid radioactive waste treatment. In this paper, the mechanisms of different membrane processes to treat the liquid radioactive waste, including the microfiltration, the ultrafiltration, the nanofiltration, the reverseosmosis, the electrodialysis, the membrane distillation, and the liquid membrane process, are reviewed. The application and the research progress of the membrane treatment of the liquid radioactive waste water at home and abroad are discussed in detail, and the new directions and the existing problems of the membrane technology in the field are pointed out.
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