通过熔融共混方法,制备了热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(TPU/PVB)复合材料。采用红外光谱、转矩流变仪、差示扫描量热、热失重、拉伸测试等分析方法对复合材料的结构、加工流变性能、热学性能和力学性能进行研究。分析结果表明,TPU 可明显改善PVB 的加工性能。当PVB:TPU=75:25 时,复合材料的平衡扭矩为7.2 N·m,相对于纯PVB 而言,平衡扭矩的降幅达42.4%;增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)可改善TPU/PVB 复合材料的加工性能。当PVB:TPU=75:25,DBP 加入量为20%时,复合材料的平衡扭矩由7.2 N·m 降至4.5 N·m。而此时复合材料的拉伸强度与初始相比降低了13 MPa,断裂伸长率从24%增加到162%;相对于纯PVB,复合材料的熔融温度降低了10℃,分解温度升高了18℃。
Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer/polyvinyl butyral (TPU/PVB) composite materials are prepared by melt-blending. The structure, the processing rheological properties, the thermal properties and the mechanical properties of the composite are studied via the FT-IR,the torque rheometer, the differential scanning calorimetry, the thermogravimetry and the tensile testing method. The results indicate that the TPU significantly improves the processing performance of the PVB. The balance torque of the composite is 7.2 N·m, when PVB:TPU is equal to 75:25 (weight), which is decreased by 42.4% comparing to the balance torque of the pure PVB. The processing performance of the TPU/PVB composites is improved by using dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as the plasticizer. The balance torque of the composite is decreased from 7.2 N·m to 4.5 N·m when the weight fraction of the DBP is 20% and PVB:TPU is equal to 75:25 (weight). The tensile strength of the composite is decreased by 13 MPa and and its elongation is increased by 138%, compared to that without adding DBP. The melting temperature is decreased by 10℃ and the decomposition temperature is increased by 18℃, comparing to the values of the pure PVB.
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