从花草鱼虫到飞禽走兽，大自然物种的丰富多样令人惊叹。虽然外表和形态千变万化，但是组成这些生命体的最基本单元——细胞有着最基本的共性：遗传和代谢。生命的延续本质是遗传信息的代代相传。基因表达保证了这些信息被翻译成千变万化的细胞活动，从而呈现出五彩斑斓的生命世界（图1）。执行细胞活动最主要的物质是蛋白质。基因表达，就是把储存在DNA 中的遗传信息经过转录和翻译，转化为执行生物功能的蛋白质的过程，这是最基本的生命活动之一，因此被称为分子生物学的“中心法则”。
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