光合作用是绿色植物（包括藻类）利用太阳光能把二氧化碳和水合成有机化合物并释放出氧气的过程（图1），是地球上最大规模的能量和物质转换工程，是几乎一切生命生存和发展的物质基础，被诺贝尔奖基金委员会评为“地球上最重要的化学反应”。
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