大约20万年前，解剖学意义上的人类诞生了，同其他物种相比，经过相对短时间的进化和进步，人类成为了地球上主宰万物的物种，食物链的顶层。然而，人类的生存和繁衍并非一帆风顺，在大自然的作用下，人类时刻经受着来自内外因素的威胁和侵害。从自身角度看，20万年的进化尚不足以产生“完美”的人类，我们在遗传上有各种不足和缺陷，这些缺陷，有些是非常危险和致命的，会产生一系列先天性疾病，导致胎儿夭折或者早年个体的死亡。
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