针对超疏水性材料应用过程中性能不够持久的问题，以杨木为例，通过实验研究了具有高强度超疏水性能的杨木材料的构建。采用真空加压方法将二氧化硅合成原料注入杨木内部，使正硅酸乙酯、氨水、乙醇在杨木微米级导管内发生溶胶-凝胶作用而生成SiO2纳米粒子，在不破坏杨木原本结构的情况下实现二氧化硅与木材的复合，使杨木材料形成更强健的二维多级粗糙结构，并经十八烷基三氯硅烷修饰使杨木材料表面获得高强度的超疏水性能。检测结果表明，该超疏水性杨木材料样品在水、腐蚀性液体（酸液/碱液）、常见有机溶剂中以及一些常见条件下均保持了优异的超疏水特性能。
The superhydrophobic materials suffer from many shortcomings in the practical use, especially, the poor durability. We use a vacuum-pressure impregnation method to treat the poplar with the synthetic raw material of silica. In the vessels of poplar, the silica nano spheres are then generated through a sol-gel process of the TEOS in the ammonium hydroxide and the ethanol, to create a robust hierarchi cal rough structure on the wood, as well as the microvessels of poplar. After the decoration, the poplar exhibits not only an excellent water repellency but also a more outstanding durability. The superhydrophobic product during the air exposure, the immersion(in water, acid/alka line liquid or common organic solvent) and the washing tests still displays an excellent superhydrophobicity.
[1] Rangaraj S V,Smith L V.Effects of moisture on the durability of a wood/thermoplastic composite[J].Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials,2000,13(3):140-161.
[2] Wang C,Zhang M,Xu Y,et al.One-step synthesis of unique silica par-ticles for the fabrication of bionic and stably superhydrophobic coatings on wood surface[J].Advanced Powder Technology,2014,25(2):530-535.
[3] Bhushan B.Biomimetics:Lessons from nature-an overview[J].Philo-sophical Transactions of the Royal Society A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,2009,367:1445-86.
[4] Zhang M,Wang C,Wang S L,et al.Fabrication of coral-like superhy-drophobic coating on filter paper for water-oil separation[J].Applied Surface Science,2012,261:764-769.
[5] 成俊卿.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社.1981.Cheng Junqing.Wood science[M].Beijing:Chinese Forestry Press.1981.
[6] 张明,王成毓.超疏水SiO2/PS薄膜于木材表面的构建[J].中国工程科学,2014,16(4):56-59.Zhang Ming,Wang Chengyu.Fabrication of superhydrophobic SiO2/PS coatings on wood surface[J].Chinese Engineering Science,2014,16(4):56-59.
[7] Zimmermann J,Reifler F A,Fortunato G,et al.A simple,one-step ap-proach to durable and robust superhydrophobic textiles[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2008,18(22):3662-3669.
[8] Lau K K S,Bico J,Teo K B K,et al.Superhydrophobic carbon nano-tube forests[J].Nano Letters,2003,3(12):1701-1705.
[9] Singh A,Steely L,Allcock H R.Poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) phospha-zene]superhydrophobic nanofibers[J].Langmuir,2005,21(25):11604-11607.
[10] Pozzato A,Fois G,Chen Y,et al.Superhydrophobic surfaces fabricat-ed by nanoimprint lithography[J].Microelectronic Engineering,2006,83(4):884-888.
[11] Zhang X.Polyeleetrolyte multilayer as matrix for electrochcmical depo-sition of gold clusters:toward super-hydrophobic surface[J].Journal of the Ameriean Chemical Society,2004,126(10):3064-3075.
[12] Shi F,Song Y,Niu J,et al.Facile method to fabricate a large-scale superhydrophobic surface by galcanic cell reaction[J].Chemistry of Materials,2006,18(5):1365-1368.
[13] Kim S H,Kim J H,Kang B K,et al.Superhydrophobic CFx coating via in-line atmospheric RF plasma of He-CF4-H2[J].Langmuir,2005,21(26):12213-12217.
[14] Zhang M,Zang D L,Shi J Y,et al.Superhydrophobic cotton textile with robust composite film and flame retardancy[J].RSC Advances,2015,5(83):67780-67786.
[15] Zhang M,Wang C Y.Fabrication of cotton fabric with superhydropho-bicity and flame retardancy[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2013,96:396-402.
[16] Taurino R,Fabbri E,Messori M,et al.Facile preparation of superhy-drophobic coatings by sol-gel processes[J].Journal of Colloid and In-terface Science,2008,325(1):149-156.
[17] Wang S L,Liu C Y,Liu G C,et al.Fabrication of superhydrophobic wood surface by a sol-gel process[J].Applied Surface Science,2011,258:806-810.
[18] Zhang M,Wang S L,Wang C Y,et al.A facile method to fabricate su-perhydrophobic cotton fabrics[J],Applied Surface Science,2012,261:561-566.
[19] Zhang M,Li J,Zang D,et al.Preparation and characterization of cot-ton fabric with potential use in UV resistance and oil reclaim[J].Car-bohydrate Polymers.2016,137:264-270.
[20] Sun X L,Fan Z P,Zhang L D,et al.Superhydrophobicity of silica nanoparticles modified with polystyrene[J].Applied Surface Science,2011,257:2308-2312.
[21] Zhang M,Xu Y,Wang S L,et al.Improvement of wood properties by composite of diatomite and "phenol-melamine-formaldehyde" co-con-densed resin[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2013,24(4):741-746.
[22] 李小兵.仿生结构表面接触角与化学法修饰医用聚合物润湿性研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2009.Li Xiaobing.Contact angle of bionic structure surfaces and wettability of chemical modification medical polymers[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2009.
