研究论文

青藏高原生态系统发育与生物多样性

  • 张玉波 ,
  • 杜金鸿 ,
  • 李俊生 ,
  • 李俊清 ,
  • 王伟
展开
  • 1. 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012;
    2. 北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育重点实验室, 北京 100083
张玉波,助理研究员,研究方向为保护生物学,E-mail:votreami@163.com

收稿日期: 2016-11-22

  修回日期: 2016-12-18

  网络出版日期: 2017-07-03

基金资助

环保公益性行业科研专项(201509042)

Ecosystem development and biodiversity of Tibetan Plateau

  • ZHANG Yubo ,
  • DU Jinhong ,
  • LI Junsheng ,
  • LI Junqing ,
  • MENG Wei
Expand
  • 1. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;
    2. The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received date: 2016-11-22

  Revised date: 2016-12-18

  Online published: 2017-07-03

摘要

青藏高原是全球海拔最高的独特地域单元,对中国乃至北半球生态安全具有重要意义。本文通过分析青藏高原的地貌形成过程和气候条件,对青藏高原的生态系统与生物多样性进行基本判断,进而提出在气候变化背景下,建立涵盖青藏高原全境的生态监测体系、构建天地一体化监测体系和信息平台、生态建设项目的监测与评估3项建议,以整体提高青藏高原地区生态系统和生物多样性应对全球气候变化的能力。

本文引用格式

张玉波 , 杜金鸿 , 李俊生 , 李俊清 , 王伟 . 青藏高原生态系统发育与生物多样性[J]. 科技导报, 2017 , 35(12) : 14 -18 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.12.001

Abstract

The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and special geographical unit in the world and is of a great importance to China's and even global ecological security. This paper analyzes the formation processes of the present landform and climate frames, as well as the development of the ecosystem and the biodiversity of the Tibetan Plateau. Under the background of the global climate change, we make three suggestions to enhance our capacity to tackle the climate change, 1) building an ecological monitor system covering the whole Tibetan Plateau, 2) establishing a space-ground monitor system and an information platform and 3) monitoring and evaluating ecological conservation projects.

参考文献

[1] 张镱锂, 李炳元, 郑度. 论青藏高原范围与面积[J]. 地理研究, 2002, 21:1-8. Zhang Yili, Li Bingyuan, Zheng Du. A discussion on the boundary and area of the Tibetan-Plateau in China[J]. Geographical Research, 2002, 21(1):1-8.
[2] Qiu J. China:The third pole[J]. Nature News, 2008, 454(7203):393-396.
[3] 孙鸿烈, 郑度, 姚檀栋, 等. 青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67:3-12. Sun Honglie, Zheng Du, Yao Tandong, et al. Protection and construc-tion of the national ecological security shelter zone on Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67:3-12.
[4] Royden L H, Burchfiel B C, van der Hilst R D. The geological evolu-tion of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Science, 2008, 321(5892):1054-1058.
[5] 李吉均, 方小敏. 青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J]. 科学通报, 1998, 43(15):1569-1574. Li Jijun, Fang Xiaomin. Research on Tibetan Plateau uplift and environ-mental change[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1998, 43(15):1569-1574.
[6] An Z S, Kutzbach J E, Prell W L, et al. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times[J]. Nature, 2001, 411:62-66.
[7] Chung S L, Lo C H, Lee T Y, et al. Diachronous uplift of the Tibetan plateau starting 40 Myr ago[J]. Nature, 1998, 394(6695):769-773.
[8] Yao T, Thompson L, Yang W, et al. Different glacier status with atmo-spheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings[J]. Nature Cli-mate Change, 2012(2):663-667.
[9] Kutzbach J, Prell W, Ruddiman W F. Sensitivity of Eurasian climate to surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1993, 101(2):177-190.
[10] Thompson Lo, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis M, et al. Holocene-late Pleistocene climatic ice core records from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Science 1989, 246(4929):474-477.
[11] Liu X, Chen B. Climatic warming in the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2000, 20(14):1729-1742.
[12] Molnar P, England P, Martinod J. Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibet-an Plateau, and the Indian monsoon[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 1993, 31(4):357-396.
[13] Dupont-Nivet G, Krijgsman W, Langereis C G, et al. Tibetan plateau aridification linked to global cooling at the Eocene-Oligocene transi-tion[J]. Nature, 2007, 445:635-638.
[14] Shenbin C, Yunfeng L, Thomas A. Climatic change on the Tibetan Pla-teau:potential evapotranspiration trends from 1961-2000[J]. Climatic Change, 2006, 76(3):291-319.
[15] 姚檀栋, 秦大河, 田立德, 等. 青藏高原2 ka来温度与降水变化——古里雅冰芯记录[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 1996, 26(8):348-353. Yao Tandong, Qin Dahe, Tian Lide, et al. Changes of temperature and precipitation of Tibetan Plateau in 2k years:Records in Guliya Ice Cap[J]. Science in China (Earth Sciences), 199626(4):348-353.
[16] Kang S, Xu Y, You Q, et al. Review of climate and cryospheric change in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2010, 5:015101.
[17] Xu Z, Gong T, Li J. Decadal trend of climate in the Tibetan Plateau-regional temperature and precipitation[J]. Hydrological Processes, 200822(16):3056-3065.
[18] 林振耀, 赵昕奕. 青藏高原气温降水变化的空间特征[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 199626(4):354-358. Lin Zhenyao, Zhao Xinyi. Spatial featurs of changes of temperature and precipitation of Tibetan Plateau[J]. Science in China (Earth Sci-ences), 1996, 26(4):354-358.
[19] 林振耀, 吴祥定. 青藏高原气候区划[J]. 地理学报, 1981, 36(1):22-32. Lin Zhenyao, Wu Xiangding. Climatic division of Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1981, 36(1):22-32.
[20] 谢高地, 鲁春霞, 冷允法, 等. 青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J]. 自然资源学报, 2003, 18(2):189-196. Xie Gaodi, Lu Chunxia, Leng Yunfa, et al. Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau[J] Journal of Natural Resources, 2003, 18(2):189-196.
[21] Zhao Z L, Zhang Y L, Liu L S, et al. Recent changes in wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau:A review[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2015, 25(7):879-896.
[22] Hu P, Liu Q, Heslop D, et al. Soil moisture balance and magnetic en-hancement in loess-paleosol sequences from the Tibetan Plateau and Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2015, 409(1):120-132.
[23] 卢航, 刘康, 吴金鸿. 青海省近20年森林植被碳储量变化及其现状分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2013, 22(10):1333-1338. Lu Hang, Liu Kang, Wu Jinhong. Change of carbon storage in forest vegetation and current situation analysis of Qinghai Province in recent 20 years[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2013, 22(10):1333-1338.
[24] 贺东北, 柯善新, 陈振雄, 等. 西藏森林资源特点与林业发展思考[J]. 中南林业调查规划, 2014, 33(3):1-4. He Dongbei, Ke Shanxin, Chen Zhenxiong, et al. The Characteristics of forest resources and thoughts on forestry development in Tibet[J]. Central South Forest Inventory and Planning, 2014, 33(3):1-4.
[25] 屈红军, 朱颖. 我国天然林保护工程一期实施效果概述[J]. 林业科技开发, 2012, 26(6):5-8. Qu Hongjun, Zhu Ying. The review of the effect of natural forest pro-tection program of China[J]. China Forestry Science and Technology, 2012, 26(6):5-8.
[26] 杨博辉, 郎侠, 孙晓萍. 青藏高原生物多样性[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2005, 26(6):1-5. Yang Bohui, Lang Xia, Sun Xiaoping. Biodiversity on the Tibetan Pla-teau[J]. Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici, 2005, 26(6):1-5.
[27] 郭焱, 周旺明, 于大炮, 等. 长江上游天然林资源保护工程区森林植被碳储量研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(增刊1):221-228. Guo Yan, Zhou Wangming, Yu Dapao, et al. Research on forest vege-taion carbon storage under the national forest protection project in the upper reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2015, 24(Suppl 1):221-228.
[28] 路飞英, 石建斌, 张子慧, 等. 阿尔金山自然保护区藏羚羊, 藏野驴和野牦牛的数量与分布[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 51(4):374-381. Lu Feiying, Shi Jianbin, Zhang Zihui, et al. Surveys of Tibetan ante-lope,kiang and wild yak in Arjinshan Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2015, 51(4):374-381.
[29] 陶蕴之, 吕一河, 李凤全, 等. 西南天然林保护工程区生态成效评估[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(5):716-723. Tao Yunzhi, Lü Yihe, Li Fengquan, et al. Assessment of ecological ef-fect of the natural forest protection project in southwest China[J]. Jour-nal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2016, 32(5):716-723.
[30] 祁威, 摆万奇, 张镱锂, 等. 生态工程实施对羌塘和三江源国家级自然保护区植被净初级生产力的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2016, 24(2):127-135. Qi Wei, Bai Wanqi, Zhang Yili, et al. Effects of ecological engineer-ing on net primary production in the Qiang Tang and Sanjiangyuan na-tional nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2016, 24(2):127-135.
[31] 陆军, 肖文发. 西藏雅鲁藏布江中游斑头雁的越冬种群数量, 分布和活动区[J]. 生态学, 2010, 30(15):4173-4179. Lu Jun, Xiao Wenfa. Population, distribution and home range of win-tering bar-headed goose along Yaluzangbu River, Tibet[J]. Acta Eco-logical Sinica, 2010, 30(15):4173-4179.
[32] 严旬. 野生大熊猫现状, 面临的挑战及展望[J]. 兽类学报, 2005, 25(4):402-406. Yan Xun. Status, challenge and prospect of wild giant pandas[J]. Acta Theriologica, 2005, 25(4):402-406.
[33] 任宝平, 黎大勇, 刘志瑾, 等. 滇金丝猴数量分布变迁、家域、食性研究进展及保护现状[J]. 动物学杂志, 2016, 51(1):148-150. Ren Baoping, Li Dayong, Liu Zhijin, et al. Overview on populations and distribution, home range, diet and conservation status of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti)[J]. Chinese Journal of Zo-ology, 2016, 51(1):148-150.
[34] 李继荣, 曹建, 杨芳, 等. 青海省黑颈鹤的研究/生态分布与保护现状[J]. 动物学研究, 2014, 35(增刊1):76-79. Li Jirong, Cao Jian, Yang Fang, et al. Distribution and conservation sta-tus of Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) in Qinghai, China:A Re-view[J]. Zoological Research, 201435(Suppl 1):76-79.
文章导航

/