西藏盐湖生物与生态资源及其开发利用

贾沁贤; 刘喜方; 王洪平; 刘沙沙; 罗玉虎; 陈立婧; 郑绵平

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.12.002

科技导报 >

2017 , Vol. 35 >Issue 12: 19 - 26

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.12.002

研究论文

西藏盐湖生物与生态资源及其开发利用

贾沁贤 ,
刘喜方 ,
王洪平 ,
刘沙沙 ,
罗玉虎 ,
陈立婧 ,
郑绵平

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1. 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 国土资源部盐湖资源与环境重点实验室, 北京 100037;
2. 南京市国土资源局, 南京 210005;
3. 北京师范大学水科学研究院, 北京 100875;
4. 中国地质大学 (北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083;
5. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院;省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306

贾沁贤,研究员,研究方向为盐湖生态学及盐湖生物资源利用与矿山污染环境生态,E-mail:jia-qinxian@sohu.com

收稿日期: 2017-02-10

修回日期: 2017-04-19

网络出版日期: 2017-07-03

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（40573056）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20160330）

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Bio-ecological resources of saline lakes in Tibet and their economic prospect

JIA Qinxian ,
LIU Xifang ,
WANG Hongping ,
LIU Shasha ,
LUO Yuhu ,
CHEN Lijing ,
ZHENG Mianping

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1. MLR Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environments, Institute of Mineral Resources, CAGS, Beijing 100037, China;
2. Nanjing Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Nanjing 210005, China;
3. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
4. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
5. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

Received date: 2017-02-10

Revised date: 2017-04-19

Online published: 2017-07-03

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摘要

以科研团队多年工作成果为基础，对藏北209个湖泊进行面积、盐度分类，结合藏北的生态特征和生态需求，阐述了可开展西藏盐湖卤虫生态修复的湖泊水域资源潜力，发展盐湖农业的优势与意义，以及盐湖水系生物资源开发的生态保护原则。阐述了西藏湖泊水域的浮游植物、浮游动物、大型水生植物的物种资源及其分布特征，以及硅藻、卤虫、盐藻、水木耳（念珠藻）、轮藻、细叶眼子菜的资源及其科学与经济价值。阐述了西藏盐湖生态修复的生态意义和藏北高原盐湖卤虫生态修复的经济重要性，并从产业发展角度分析西藏拟溞、盐藻等的资源现状及其开发利用，提出以冷水鱼为特色产业的水域资源优势与发展前景。

关键词： 西藏盐湖; 生物资源; 生态修复; 盐湖农业; 特色产业

本文引用格式

贾沁贤 , 刘喜方 , 王洪平 , 刘沙沙 , 罗玉虎 , 陈立婧 , 郑绵平 . 西藏盐湖生物与生态资源及其开发利用[J]. 科技导报, 2017 , 35(12) : 19 -26 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.12.002

Abstract

In the paper, the concept of "saline Lake" and its studies are reviewed, focusing on the historical survey data of biological and ecological resources of Tibet Saline Lakes. Based on the survey data obtained by our research team during the last 20 years, the 209 lakes in the northern Tibet are classified into various salinity groups and various area groups. Based on both the northern Tibet ecological characteristics and the ecological demand for the regional economic development, the lake resource potential is analyzed with respect to the Artemia ecological restoration in Tibet saline lakes, as well as the advantages and the significance of developing the saline lake agriculture. Some principles of ecological protection and development of biological resources in the Saline Lake system are proposed.The species resources and the distribution characteristics of phytoplankton and zooplankton and macrophytes are discussed, focusing on the biological resources and their scientific values, including the diatom, the Artemia, the salt alga (Dunaliella sp.), the water agaric (Nostoc sp.), the stonewort(Charophyta) and the pondweed (Potamogeton sp.).From the successful experiences of the ecological restoration in the Tibet Dangqong Co saline lake, the significance and the economic importance of the saline lake ecological restoration are clearly seen. The resource situation and the prospect of development and utilization of Daphniopsis tibetana Sars and Dunaliella sp. in Tibet are discussed, and the cold-water fish aquaculture as the competitive industry is proposed; the sci-technological base and the government effective management are considered as the fundamental guarantee to develop the bioindustry of salt lakes in Tibet.

Key words： saline lakes in Tibet; bioresources; ecological restoration; saline lake agriculture; industry prospect

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