癌症严重威胁人类健康，是当前最引人关注的疾病领域。肿瘤免疫治疗在癌症治疗中具有独特优势，受到越来越多研究机构和制药企业的青睐，近年来呈现蓬勃发展的趋势。由于免疫系统的复杂性，肿瘤免疫治疗涵盖了多种作用机制和药物形式，发展情况各不相同。本文通过调研大量文献和数据库信息，对国内外处在临床试验阶段和已经上市的肿瘤免疫药物进行了梳理，对其发展阶段、作用机制、研发机构等情况进行分析，旨在阐述肿瘤免疫药物开发的总体趋势和方向，为抗肿瘤药物研发提供借鉴。
Cancer is the most serious threat to human health and the most attractive disease in research. With unique advantages in cancer treatment, immuno-oncology is favored by more and more research institutions and pharmaceutical companies, showing a trend of vigorous development in recent years. Due to the complexity of the immune system, cancer immunotherapy covers a variety of action mechanisms and drug forms with different development stages. Based on literature research and database retrieval, the overall situations of development stage, mechanism of action, as well as research institutions of drugs in clinical trials or in market are reported and analyzed in this paper, for depicting the general trend and direction of immunotherapies development and providing references for research and development of antitumor drugs.
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