阐述了设计科学的内涵，从学术界视角介绍了国外两种设计科学框架。分析了中国设计领域当前存在的问题，从工业界视角提出了新的"以模型为中心"的设计科学范式。提出设计科学研究应关注设计知识的数字化和模型化表达、模型的标准化、基于模型的知识流动机制、模型如何集成4个方面。
This paper discusses the contents of the design science, and two kinds of design science models from the academic perspective. In view of some problems in the Chinese design domain, a novel digital model-based design science paradigm is proposed from the industrial perspective. It is suggested that the design science should include four research fields:(1) how to represent the design knowledge with a digital model; (2) the standard of the digital model; (3) the mechanism of the digital model-based knowledge flow; (4) how to integrate the digital model.
[1] 谢友柏. 设计科学的争论和设计竞争力[J]. 中国工程科学, 2014(8):4-13.
[2] Simon H A. The sciences of the artificial[M]. The MIT Press, 1969.
[3] Vladimir Hubka, Ernst Eder. Design science, introduction to the needs, scope and organization of engineering design knowledge[M]. Springer, 1996.
[4] Aline Dresch, Daniel Pacheco Lacerda, Jose Antonio Valle Antunes. Design science research:A method for science and technology advancement[M]. Springer, 2015.
[5] Design Science[EB/OL]. 2017-10-22. http://www.designsciencejournal.org.
[6] Papalambros P Y. Design science:Why, what and how[J]. Design Science, 2015(1):1-38.
[7] Eekels J. On the fundamentals of engineering design science:The geography of engineering design science:Part 1[J]. Journal of Engineering Design, 2000, 11(4):377-397.
[8] Eekels J. On the fundamentals of engineering design science:The geography of engineering design science:Part 2[J]. Journal of Engineering Design, 2001, 12(3):255-281.
[9] Ho Chunheng. Some phenomena of problem decomposition strategy for design thinking:Differences between novices and experts[J]. Design Studies, 2001, 22(1):27-45.
[10] Ahmed S, Wallace K M, Blessing L T M. Understanding the differences between how novice and experienced designers approach design tasks[J]. Research in Engineering Design, 2003, 24(1):1-11.
[11] Nigel Cross. Expertise in design:An overview[J]. Design Studies, 2004, 25(5):427-441.
[12] Ralph P, Wang Y. A proposal for a formal definition of the design concept[C]//Lyytinen K, ed. Design requirement engineering:A ten-year perspective. Springer, 2009:103-136.
[13] Romme A G L. Making a difference:Organization as design[J]. Organization Science, 2003, 14(5):558-573.
[14] 刘玉生, 蒋玉芹, 高曙明. 模型驱动的复杂产品系统设计建模综述[J]. 中国机械工程, 2010(6):741-749.
[15] 刘玉生, 袁文强, 樊红日, 等. 基于SysML的模型驱动复杂产品设计的信息集成框架研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2012(12):1438-1445.
[16] 刘玉生. 砥砺前行——与世界同步发展MBSE技术[N]. 中国航空报, 2016-07-21.
[17] About the OMG® specifications catalog[EB/OL]. 2017-10-22. http://www.omg.org/spec.
[18] 谢友柏. 设计科学中关于知识的研究——经济发展方式转变中要考虑的重要问题[J].中国工程科学, 2013(4):14-22.
[19] 谢友柏. 基于互联网的设计知识服务研究——分析中国工程科技知识中心(CKCEST)的功能[J]. 中国机械工程, 2017(6):631-641.
[20] 李响. 面向开放式创新的产品集成设计理论与方法研究[D]. 上海:上海交通大学, 2014.
[21] 李响, 曹远国, 张执南, 等. 基于智能规划的自动化概念设计综合方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2014(8):1134-1141.
[22] 李响, 张执南, 陈斌, 等. 面向开放式创新的知识服务平台的构建与实践[J]. 机械设计与研究, 2014(5):99-105.
[23] Open services for lifecycle collaboration[EB/OL]. 2017-10-22. http://open-services.net/.
[24] Koneksys:Open services for lifecycle collaboration[EB/OL]. 2017-10-22. https://oslc.github.io.
